2. 8.1 HOW ORGANISMS OBTAIN ENERGY WHAT YOU WILL LEARN: -the 2 LAWs of THERMODYNAMICS -the difference between autotrophs & heterotrophs -how ATP works in the cell

3. READING Qs 1-STATE the LAWS of THERMODYNAMICS in your own words: 1-energy cannot be created or destroyed -energy can change forms 2-some energy is not usable, released as heat

4. READING Qs 2-CIRCLE the name of the organism that makes its ownfood.

5. READING Qs 3-COMPARE the energy usage in anabolic & catabolic pathways. catabolic—energy is released anabolic—energy is used

6. READING Qs 4-IDENTIFY-circle the step in the pathway where energy is captured.

7. READING Qs 5-IDENTIFY-circle the high-energy bond that is broken when ATP is converted to ADP.

8. 8.1 APPLICATION NOTES energy-- ability to do work

9.  TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY ANALYZE -why living things need energy -how living things get energy -to carry out life processes -autotrophs use photosynthesis/SUN to make their own energy -heterotrophs consume other living things

10.  TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY DETERMINE 7 body cell processes -active transport -homeostasis -cell division -fight infection/foreign material -digestion -send messages/nerve cells -muscle contraction -transport oxygen

11.  TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY COMPARE the laws of how energy flows 1 st law of thermodynamics— -energy cannot be created or destroyed only transformed -EX: body converts stored energy in food into chemical energy/mechanical energy 2 nd law of thermodynamics— -some energy becomes unuseable -EX: food chain car exhaust

12. AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS SUN ANIMALS PLANTS  TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY

13. PASSAGE-- -The group that makes their own food is group -The group that must eat other organisms for food is group -Some organisms get their energy from inorganic substances, such as hydrogen sulfide B-autotrophs A-heterotrophs chemoautotrophs

14.  METABOLISM COMPARE/CONTRAST parts of metabolism ANABOLICCATABOLIC photosynthesiscellular respiration uses energyrelease energy used by cells builds molecules breaks down molecules small  BIGBIG  small

15.  ATP ATP—molecule of energy ATP ADP -most abundant “energy- storing” molecule in cells ATP ADP -less abundant “energy- storing” molecule in cells -energy released when bond broken btwn 2-3 P-group -changes back to ATP when P- group is added provides “QUICK” energy

16.  VOC TERMS 1.C-1 st law of thermodynamics 2.E-metabolism 3.F-photosynthesis 4.A-energy 5.H-metabolic pathway 6.I-ATP 7.B-thermodynamics 8.J-sunlight 9.G-cellular respiration 10.D-2 nd law of thermodynamics

17.  GRAPHIC ORGANIZER PROCESS ---------------------------------- REACTANTS ---------------------------------- PRODUCTS ---------------------------------- CHEMICAL EQUATION ---------------------------------- TYPES of ORGANISMS ---------------------------------- STAGES ---------------------------------- LOCATION in cell ---------------------------------- WHAT does it do to GLUCOSE ---------------------------------- WHY is this process necessary for life

18. 8.1 CELLULAR ENERGY energy-- ability to do work energy-- CANNOT be created or destroyed energy-- CAN be transformed light  chemical  mechanical  thermal energy— SOURCE: SUN

19. Ability to do work Study of FLOW/TRANSFORMATION of energy in universe HOW CELLS OBTAIN ENERGY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8c5JcnFaJ0

20. LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 1-LAW of CONSERVATION of ENERGY -energy can be transformed -energy is never lost or destroyed 2- LAW of USABLE ENERGY– -some energy releases as HEAT-- thermal -energy still there but unavailable for use-- entropy—measure of UNUSEABLE energy -example: food chains energy converted

21. ORGANISM’S SOURCE OF ENERGY HETEROTROPHS- Organisms ingest food to get energy --animals AUTOTROPHS- MAKE their own food --plants/some bacteria 1-photo-autotrophs—convert light energy from the SUN to chemical energy 2-chemo-autotrophs—make food with chemicals

22. AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS SUN chemical  mechanical  thermal chemical energy

23. Reactant to which enzymes bind protein / speeds up biological reaction

24. - CATABOLIC: BREAK DOWN PARTICLES / RELEASE ENERGY -CELLULAR RESPIRATION -ANABOLIC: BUILD BIG MOLECULES USE ENERGY RELEASED FROM CATABOLIC -PHOTOSYNTHESIS BIG MOLECULES  small molecules small molecules  BIG MOLECULES

25. Ecosystem Flow of Energy--- CELLULAR RESPIRATION “Catabolic” pathway -molecules broken down -release energy for use by cell PHOTOSYNTHESIS “Anabolic” pathway -Light energy from SUN converted to chemical energy for use by cell

26. ORGANISMS energy use HETEROTROPHS USE— -OXYGEN -GLUCOSE PRODUCE— -CARBON DIOXIDE -WATER AUTOTROPHS USE— -CARBON DIOXIDE -WATER -Light energy—SUN PRODUCE— -OXYGEN -GLUCOSE ENERGY is transferred to other organisms in the form of food

27. -In living things chemical energy is stored in biological molecules in BONDS -Is converted to other energy when needed (mechanical energy for motion)

28. ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE Most abundant energy-storing molecule *found in ALL types of organisms

29. ADENINE BASE, RIBOSE SUGAR, 3 PHOSPHATE GROUPS http://www.biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html http://www.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Movie_Clips/07%20Respiration/ATP-ADP%20Cycle.wmv http://www.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Movie_Clips/07%20Respiration/What%20is%20ATP.wmv ATP

30. - energy released BONDS between 2 nd and 3 rd phosphate is BROKEN  ADP -ADP / ATP interchanged + / - PHOSPHATE GROUP -ENERGY REACTIONS IN CELL ATP  ADP ATP