Ch. 11:The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic
The Jefferson Presidency Out with the Feds in with the Democratic Republicans!
1800 Election Results AdamsJefferson
A. TJ’s Republican Agrarianism 1. “We are all Republican, we are all Federalists.” 2. Believed all had the opportunity to succeed in America 3. Population growth; no problem = keep moving west!
B. Jefferson’s Gov’t 1. Small, small, small a. Military, debt and internal taxes all reduced or eliminated on federal level Excise tax repealed. Huh? “peaceful coercion” b. States held the power and responsible for their own debt 2. Capital considered insignificant due to power of the states 3. But no changes re:banks, tariffs, & assumption
C. An Independent Judiciary Marbury vs. Madison 1. Judicial review – only supreme ct. determines if laws are constitutional 2. LTC/Impact? true checks and balances of the three branches
D. The Louisiana Purchase (1803) 1. By 1800, in Napoleon's control 2. What was he going to do with it? Supply Haiti 3. TJ’s concern? Access to Mississippi River and Port Orleans
4. LTC/Impact of purchase a. US doubles in size – peacefully b. Expansion = liberty = increased enslavement c. Trouble w/natives 5. criticism? 6. Precedent?
T.J.’s Lewis and Clark
Burr/Hamilton Duel
Problem with Neutral Rights 1. GB and FR at war; both s eizes US ships a. GB seizes “Brits” w/naturalization papers Impressment 6,000 Americans taken in all b. Chesapeake: GB Open fires on her after refusing their demands of men claimed to be deserters; 3 US killed c. How is America feeling right now? d. Do we declare war?
B. The Embargo Act (1807) 1. American goods will not be exported! 2. Goal: “Peaceful Coercion” a. Recognize US neutrality b. deprive GB and Fr from raw materials 3. Backfires a. Exports drop by 80% b. Economic depression c. Smuggling increased d. Let’s talk session, baby! 4. Failed thus repealed 1809 a. Get supplies from Latin Amer b. Great crop year for GB c. smuggling 5. Non-intercourse Act: trade with countries other than GB and FR
#4: President Madison ( ) Dem-Republican responsible for writing constitution
The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 Replaced the Embargo Act Remained in place until 1812 unexpected consequence: NE was forced to become self-sufficient and opened old factories Laid groundwork for the industrial revolution Jefferson, a critic of industrialization, in essence, help promote Hamilton's economic ideas of the US
Macon’s Bill #2 Replaces the Non- intercourse act Stipulates if FR or GB will trade with them, the US will cut off trade with the other FR agrees but GB is not concerned Tensions rise between US and GB
“War Hawks” Dem-Rep. Dem-Rep. Henry Clay [KY] John C. Calhoun [SC]
Br. Instigation of Indians British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh
Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811 Gen. Harrison governor of Indiana Territory Wants Natives land; 3M acres Tecumseh organizes confederation of Natives to fight “the Prophet,” Tecumseh’s brothers dies at Tippecanoe Tecumseh dies during war of 1812 at Thames Battle Harrison = Hero Election of 1840 “Tippecanoe & Tyler too!”
Presidential Election of 1812
“Mr. Madison’s War!”
American Problems 1. The US was unprepared militarily: a. Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s 800 ships. b. Americans disliked a draft preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. 2. Financially unprepared: a. Flood of paper $. b. Revenue from import tariffs declined. 3. Regional disagreements. Some wanted to wipe out Native American base in Canada = chants of “On to Canada!” Some wanted to wipe out Native American base in Canada = chants of “On to Canada!” Southerners looked to Florida. Southerners looked to Florida. We are starting to look bad if we cannot defend the Republic! We are starting to look bad if we cannot defend the Republic! S/NE/Feds = proBritish, no to Canada, supplied GB during war S/NE/Feds = proBritish, no to Canada, supplied GB during war S/W/Dem-Rep = proFrench and want war! S/W/Dem-Rep = proFrench and want war!
1812: US declares war on GB! It’s on like donkey Kong!