Instead of Study Guide, answer section reviews:  1.1 # 1-2  1.2 # 1-4  1.3 # 1-4  1.4 # 4-5  1.5 # 1-2, 6  15 Problems Total – Due by Friday 9/2

Biology in the 21 st Century

 Life is found everywhere ….Think of the most obscure place you think life might be  Yellowstone Pools  Bottom of the Ocean  Ice in Antarctica  All living things and the places they are found on Earth is the biosphere

 Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area  Increases from poles to the equator  Why would it be greater closer to the equator?  2 million species that we know of…but…  10,000 more discovered every year  50,000 go extinct every year

1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells 2. All organisms need a source of energy for their life processes 3. All organisms react to their environment - Why is this important? 4. All organisms have the ability to reproduce - Why is this important?

 All levels of biology have systems (organized group of related parts that interact to form a whole)  What are some examples? Circulatory System Two Organisms that Interact in Ecosystem Describe how your Biology class may be considered a system.  The structure and function of things are related  Molars vs. incisors  Red blood cells vs. brain cells

 Organisms must maintain homeostasis  Maintained in 2 ways Negative feedback a change in a system causes a response that brings things back to “ normal ” Behavior Reptiles sitting in the sun Eating to get your blood sugar back up  Evolution – the change in living things over time  Helps explain diversity

 All scientific inquiry starts with observation which can be gathered as  Qualitative data Objective Descriptions such as Sights, sounds, smells  Quantitative data Numeric measurements such as mass, volume, numbers, temperature, frequency  From the picture on the next slide, come up with 3 quantitative and 3 qualitative pieces of information

Qualitative Examples: -Range in color from gray to white -Pod engaging in play behavior Quantitative Examples: -Eight Dolphins - Each of the eight Dolphin has one dorsal fin

Before we move on to Section 4 and 5, please write a summary your notes thus far... Make sure you address the following concepts: 1.Independent and Dependent Variables 2.Control group 3.Steps in the Scientific Method 4.Qualitative vs Quantitative observations 5.Homeostasis 6.Characteristics of living organisms You will get 5 minutes to write, so get started now! Be prepared to read your summary!

 A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object. – light microscopes (LM) stoma

 A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object.  scanning electron microscopes (SEM)  Shows 3-dimensional views

stoma A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object. –transmission electron microscopes (TEM) –Shows a 2–dimensional image

 Imaging technology is used in medicine.  X-ray images  Shows dense tissues, such as bones

Imaging technology is used in medicine. – magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – Shows soft and dense tissues

 functional MRI (fMRI)  Shows areas of the brain are active while a person does a particular task

 Computer models are used to study systems that cannot be studied directly.  heart attacks  effect of medicines on the human body – movement of water molecules into and out of a cell – spread of a disease through a population Computer models are used when experiments are not safe, ethical, or practical. Normal heartbeat Heart attack

® 1.5 Knowledge of biology helps you understand your health. food allergies potential effects of obesity effects of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs cancer brain lungs heart liver kidneys Why use sunscreen? Why exercise? Effects of smoking, alcohol, drugs

 Knowledge of biology can help you understand environmental issues. ® interactions in ecosystems ® Pollution ® biodiversity What kinds of environmental pressures may have caused the deformities in this frog? Could the same pressures affect humans?

 DNA testing in medicine and forensics Biotechnology is the use and application of living things and biological processes. –transgenic (genetically modified) crops –transgenic bacteria

 Questions are raised about the use of biotechnology. –spread of undesirable genes –decrease in biodiversity –ethical considerations – safety of genetically modified crops

 Over the past 50 years, biological knowledge has greatly increased. Methane Worms

 There are still many questions to answer in biology. –How are memories stored in the brain?

 There are still many questions to answer in biology. surface proteins lipid envelope nucleic acid capsid –Does life exist on planets other than Earth? –How do viruses mutate?