THE CELL pp

Cell Boundaries A. Cell Wall Cell walls are the outermost boundary in __________, _______, and ___________. They are not found in _____________________. The primary function of the cell wall is to provide ___________________________. The cell wall does not regulate what _________________________ the cell. 1. Cell walls of plants are composed of ____________ 2. Cell walls of fungi are composed of _____________ plantsfungibacteria animal cells structure and support enters and leaves cellulose Chitin

B. Cell Membrane Every cell is surrounded by a cell membrane made of ___________________. The cell membrane is selectively permeable which means _____________________________________ _____________________________________ __. This characteristic is critical in helping the cell maintain _______________. The cell membrane is also called the ____________________ membrane. Every cell is surrounded by a cell membrane made of ___________________. The cell membrane is selectively permeable which means _____________________________________ _____________________________________ __. This characteristic is critical in helping the cell maintain _______________. The cell membrane is also called the ____________________ membrane. Lipid bilayer it only allows certain substances in and certain substances out homeostasis plasma

Inside a Eukaryotic Cell The inside of the cell consists of the: A. A. Nucleus B. B. B. Cytoplasm – Includes the _________ or “cell gel” and the __________, which means “_____________” cytosol organelles little organs

Nucleus _____________ of the cell. Genetic information stored as ____________, which is _______wrapped in ________________. Control center chromatin DNA protein Found in Both Plants & Animals

Nucleolus Small, dense region in the nucleus. Site of ________________ production ribosome Found in Both Plants & Animals

Nuclear Envelope Double _________________ membrane. Has nuclear ___________ which allow _______ to leave the nucleus phospholipid pores RNA Found in Both Plants & Animals

Ribosomes Tiny, granular organelles located on _________________ or suspended in _________. Site of _________________. All cells (pro & euk) have ribosomes. Endoplasmic Reticulum cytosol protein production Found in Both Plants & Animals

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Extensive network continuous with _________________. Called “rough” because it has ________________ all along the membrane. Function of the rough ER is to _____________________. Most of these proteins are packaged into _____________ (like bubbles or sacs) and shuttled to the ____________ nuclear envelope ribosomes modify & transport proteins vesicles Golgi apparatus Found in Both Plants & Animals

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Similar to rough ER in structure, except that it lacks ______________. The smooth ER manufactures ________, breaks down _________, detoxifies __________, and ________________. ribosomes lipids glycogen poisons stores calcium Found in Both Plants & Animals

Golgi Apparatus Flattened, round sacs that look like a sack of ________________. Receives, modifies, and ships products by way of ___________ into the ____________________________ pancakes vesicles cytosol → cell membrane_ Found in Both Plants & Animals

Lysosome Found in __________ cells only. Round sacs containing __________ that _______________ and ______________ used cell components. Also used as defense against _______ and _______________ animal enzymes break down recycle bacteria viruses

Vacuole Sacs that may be used as storage for _______, _________, _________________, or wastes. Plants have a large central vacuole. waterSalts, proteins carbohydrates

Mitochondria Double-walled organelle with inner folds ____________. ____________Uses _______ to manufacture energy in the form of ______. Mitochondria have their own _______. Double-walled organelle with inner folds ____________. ____________Uses _______ to manufacture energy in the form of ______. Mitochondria have their own _______. to increase surface area glucose ATP DNA

Chloroplast Found in ______ cells. Contain __________ (green pigment) and their own ______. Chloroplasts harvest energy from the ____ to produce ____ through __________. plant chlorophyll DNA sun ATP photosynthesis

Centrioles Found in _________ cells only. Bundles of _________________ that play a role in _________________ animal microtubules cell division

Cytoskeleton Composed of protein fibers known as _______________ and ______________. Anchor _______________ and provide ______________. Also provide motility for some cells in the form of ___________ or ____________. More extensive cytoskeleton found in __________ cells. microtubules microfilamentsorganelles structure ciliaflagella animal