Portugal & Spain Reasons for explorations of new lands  1. Control of land and discovery  2. Looking for trade  3. Resources

CAUSE  When towns began to develop, people bought & sold many goods and services  People wanted to expand trade with other areas that were being explored

EFFECT  Due to expansion people became wealthier, middle class relied less on the rich, and sought to educate themselves

ITALY  Exploration of new ideas & attitudes  Renaissance is Latin for “rebirth”.

REBIRTH  The term Renaissance, literally means "rebirth" and is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariner's compass, and gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation.

MOVEMENT  Middle Ages Renaissance Age of faith in God & Heaven Age of Humanity (Science/Language/Literature)

ERASMUS  Desiderius Erasmus gained fame throughout 16th-century Europe for his scholarly and popular writings, including pointed, witty criticisms of civil rulers, the clergy and religious superstition

ERASMUS The greatest scholar/humanist of the Northern Renaissance Humanist: Scholars that studied the humanities including history, languages and literature.

2 GREATEST ACCOMPLISHMENTS 1. Made new translation of the Greek Testament into Latin (Latin was the dominant language of learning in Europe)

 Translated a collection of Proverbs/Sayings from the ancient world.  Book: Adages To break the ice Eyes in the back of his head

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