Work and Self Development Chapters 1 and 2 Weeks 2 and 3

Work and Self Development Younkins (2005) writes on Aristotle Younkins (2005) writes on Aristotle Human action is voluntary and requires thought and “deliberation.” Human action is voluntary and requires thought and “deliberation.” “Human begins seek to fulfill their perfection via action.” “Human begins seek to fulfill their perfection via action.” Economics is the physical and mental convergence of a human being. Economics is the physical and mental convergence of a human being. Cavanaugh (1998) explains that, on work itself, Aristotle and Plato demean labor, trade, and crafts Cavanaugh (1998) explains that, on work itself, Aristotle and Plato demean labor, trade, and crafts

Work and Self Development In the U.S. the evolution of the value and meaning of “work” is greatly influenced by Christianity (Cavanaugh, 1998) In the U.S. the evolution of the value and meaning of “work” is greatly influenced by Christianity (Cavanaugh, 1998) Work as necessity in caring for self and others Work as necessity in caring for self and others Work as praise, belief and service Work as praise, belief and service Work to live but not to hoard profit, fight greed Work to live but not to hoard profit, fight greed

Work and Self Development Locke, politician and philosopher, wrote on natural rights such as property ownership through work Locke, politician and philosopher, wrote on natural rights such as property ownership through work Rosseau wrote the Social Contract to explain balance of individual rights and organized governments to ensure people’s freedom Rosseau wrote the Social Contract to explain balance of individual rights and organized governments to ensure people’s freedom

Work and Self Development Societies across the globe differ in terms of influence and thought: Societies across the globe differ in terms of influence and thought: Diop, physicist and historian, wrote on African philosophy as basis for many subsequent advances in mathematics and science Diop, physicist and historian, wrote on African philosophy as basis for many subsequent advances in mathematics and science Freire, educator and author, refuted a class-based society and the “banking model of education” Freire, educator and author, refuted a class-based society and the “banking model of education” Frankl, psychiatrist and author, explores the pursuit of a meaningful life Frankl, psychiatrist and author, explores the pursuit of a meaningful life

Work and Self Development “For success, like happiness, cannot be pursued; it must ensue, and it only does so as the unintended side-effect of one’s personal dedication to a cause greater than oneself or as the by-product of one’s surrender to a person other than oneself. Happiness must happen, and the same holds for success: you have to let it happen by not caring about it.” “For success, like happiness, cannot be pursued; it must ensue, and it only does so as the unintended side-effect of one’s personal dedication to a cause greater than oneself or as the by-product of one’s surrender to a person other than oneself. Happiness must happen, and the same holds for success: you have to let it happen by not caring about it.” Frankl (1984), “Man’s search for meaning.” Frankl (1984), “Man’s search for meaning.”

Work and Self Development What is success? What is success? And how do you measure it? And how do you measure it?

Work and Self Development Success vs. Personal Fulfillment Success vs. Personal Fulfillment How does your definition of success differ from the author’s? How does your definition of success differ from the author’s?

Work and Self Development self-awareness self-awareness How does it fit with other ingredients for success? How does it fit with other ingredients for success? Examine each factor or “ingredient” and determine a specific behavior (that you could reasonably do) that illustrates the factor Examine each factor or “ingredient” and determine a specific behavior (that you could reasonably do) that illustrates the factor

Work and Self Development Who do you know that is “successful?” Who do you know that is “successful?” Attitudes Attitudes Behaviors Behaviors Keys to their success (assess the person in terms of self-awareness, self-direction, self-esteem, positive thinking, self-discipline, self-motivation and positive relationships) Keys to their success (assess the person in terms of self-awareness, self-direction, self-esteem, positive thinking, self-discipline, self-motivation and positive relationships)

Work and Self Development On a scale of 1 (very little) to 5 (very strong): On a scale of 1 (very little) to 5 (very strong): self-awareness self-awareness self-direction self-direction self-esteem self-esteem positive thinking positive thinking self-discipline self-discipline self-motivation self-motivation positive relationships positive relationships

Work and Self Development Now think about someone you know who is rather unsuccessful. What conclusions can you make? Now think about someone you know who is rather unsuccessful. What conclusions can you make? On a scale of 1 (very little) to 5 (very strong): On a scale of 1 (very little) to 5 (very strong): self-awareness self-awareness self-direction self-direction self-esteem self-esteem positive thinking positive thinking self-discipline self-discipline self-motivation self-motivation positive relationships positive relationships

Work and Self Development How happy are you? How happy are you? Take Exercise 1.3 Take Exercise 1.3 What does “happiness” have to do with the ingredients for success? What does “happiness” have to do with the ingredients for success?

Work and Self Development Behavior Behavior Acting Acting Imagining Imagining Sensing Sensing More difficult to observe some behaviors than others More difficult to observe some behaviors than others

Work and Self Development Self image (Personal journal 1.3) Self image (Personal journal 1.3) Self image is not what others see Self image is not what others see Describe the power of an accurate self-image Describe the power of an accurate self-image Impression Management (self-presentation) Impression Management (self-presentation) AuthorityBargaining or Exchange AuthorityBargaining or Exchange Upward appealCo-optation Upward appealCo-optation Pressure/CoercionInspiration Pressure/CoercionInspiration Personal AppealIngratiation Personal AppealIngratiation Rational PersuasionCoalition Formation Rational PersuasionCoalition Formation

Work and Self Development Self-image Self-image Individual Individual Relational Relational Collective Collective Self image is impacted by what factors? Self image is impacted by what factors?

Work and Self Development How do you develop an accurate self-image? How do you develop an accurate self-image? Introspect Introspect Get feedback Get feedback Manage import of opinions’ of others Manage import of opinions’ of others Self acceptance Self acceptance

Work and Self Development Chapter 2 focuses on self-awareness and self- honesty Chapter 2 focuses on self-awareness and self- honesty Can you have self-awareness without self- honesty? Can you have self-awareness without self- honesty? Does honesty mean accuracy? Does honesty mean accuracy?

Work and Self Development Think about some of the terms the author uses such as: Think about some of the terms the author uses such as: Self-awareness Self-awareness Self-honesty Self-honesty Self-acceptance Self-acceptance Write a summary that instructs someone how to use these to become successful. Write a summary that instructs someone how to use these to become successful.

Work and Self Development Values vs. ethics Values vs. ethics Beliefs you choose to live by are values Beliefs you choose to live by are values Principles you develop or accept to guide your beliefs are ethics Principles you develop or accept to guide your beliefs are ethics Some people are more value-driven than others Some people are more value-driven than others Circumstances and exceptions can be rationalized by the most value-driven person Circumstances and exceptions can be rationalized by the most value-driven person

Work and Self Development Values Values Adventure Adventure Fairness Fairness Generosity Generosity Integrity Integrity Learning Learning Wealth Wealth Etc. Etc. Values defined by the author Values defined by the author

Work and Self Development “I do not seek, I find.” “I do not seek, I find.” Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso “Problems can’t be solved with the same consciousness that created them.” “Problems can’t be solved with the same consciousness that created them.” Albert Einstein Albert Einstein Although our values have been influenced extensively, we must define our value system Although our values have been influenced extensively, we must define our value system

Work and Self Development Try a values inventory created by Dr. Tim Peterson Try a values inventory created by Dr. Tim Peterson Purpose: spend some time thinking about what you value (or what you would like to value) Purpose: spend some time thinking about what you value (or what you would like to value)

Work and Self Development Values, personality traits, skills and interests are all important to self-awareness and self- definition Values, personality traits, skills and interests are all important to self-awareness and self- definition Personality: Personality: Digman (1990) summarized research that tests 5 prominent tendencies or social behaviors: Digman (1990) summarized research that tests 5 prominent tendencies or social behaviors: Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability

Work and Self Development Finally, skills and interests are defined: Finally, skills and interests are defined: Skills – specific knowledge combined with action, behaviors, steps of behaviors, abilities, etc. that are valuable to attaining your goals Skills – specific knowledge combined with action, behaviors, steps of behaviors, abilities, etc. that are valuable to attaining your goals Interests – disciplines, fields, topics, activities, situations with which you prefer to spend time Interests – disciplines, fields, topics, activities, situations with which you prefer to spend time

Work and Self Development Inventory your values, knowledge, skills, and interests Inventory your values, knowledge, skills, and interests Values – top three from your values inventory Values – top three from your values inventory Knowledge – summarize from memory Knowledge – summarize from memory Skills – summarize from memory Skills – summarize from memory Interests – summarize from known preferences Interests – summarize from known preferences

Work and Self Development Smith’s Wealth of Nations contends freedom of market activities, value of exchange and division of labor in pursuit of efficiency Smith’s Wealth of Nations contends freedom of market activities, value of exchange and division of labor in pursuit of efficiency Integrative influence of education, philosophy, and diversity in society Integrative influence of education, philosophy, and diversity in society Influence upon attitudes toward work, value we place on endeavors, money, success, and quality of life Influence upon attitudes toward work, value we place on endeavors, money, success, and quality of life “our daily living may itself become an art…only when the spirit of art rises from the roots of our mechanical age will it ‘redeem our civilization (Mary Parker Follett, 1930, Creative Experience, p. 87) “our daily living may itself become an art…only when the spirit of art rises from the roots of our mechanical age will it ‘redeem our civilization (Mary Parker Follett, 1930, Creative Experience, p. 87)

Goals In Chapter 3, the authors presents a framework for goal setting: SMART In Chapter 3, the authors presents a framework for goal setting: SMART Regardless of the framework, remember: Regardless of the framework, remember: To keep goals visible To keep goals visible To record progress To record progress To break goals into small actions To break goals into small actions The personal meaning for setting the goal The personal meaning for setting the goal That meaning may change (experience  self- awareness) That meaning may change (experience  self- awareness)

Goals SMART Goals SMART Goals Specific Specific Measurable Measurable Achievable (in terms of actual completion) Achievable (in terms of actual completion) Realistic (in terms of values, interests, skills) Realistic (in terms of values, interests, skills) Time-related Time-related

Goals “I want to start my own business.” “I want to start my own business.” Evaluate this statement in terms of S,M,A,R and T Evaluate this statement in terms of S,M,A,R and T What is missing? What is missing? How can this statement be improved? How can this statement be improved?

Goals Goals can be a reflection of inspiration, dreams, and fulfilling a higher purpose Goals can be a reflection of inspiration, dreams, and fulfilling a higher purpose That doesn’t mean attaining dreams is without stress or anxiety That doesn’t mean attaining dreams is without stress or anxiety

Stress and Stressors Activating Event + Belief yields Activating Event + Belief yields Consequences Consequences

Stress and Stressors Positive Coping Mechanisms Positive Coping Mechanisms Negative Coping Mechanisms Negative Coping Mechanisms Problem-focused Problem-focused Emotion-focused Emotion-focused

Stress and Stressors Aggressive versus Assertive? Aggressive versus Assertive? Aggressive or passive aggressive behavior intends to harm another person Aggressive or passive aggressive behavior intends to harm another person Assertive behavior is self-protection without purposeful injury to others Assertive behavior is self-protection without purposeful injury to others