 Earth’s materials are being used up at a quicker rate than they can be replenished  We must find substitutes for common materials  Substitutes should be  Plentiful  Inexpensive  Properties are very similar to the original material

 An element that at different forms each has a distinctly different physical or chemical property  Example:  Diamond, graphite, and buckmisterfullerene are ALL Carbon!

 Ceramics  Clay (mineral kaolinte, magnesium, sodium, and potassium ions)  Very plentiful on earth  Natural ceramics: hard, ridged, low chemical reactivity, resistance to wear, resistant at very high temperatures, strong at high temps ▪ Diesel engines made from ceramics can operate at higher temps Problems – ceramics are brittle and crack when go from hot to cold quickly

 Plastics  Synthetic materials made of carbon chains with hydrogen and other materials attached  Less dense than metal  Springy (doesn’t dent easily)  Problem: most plastics are made from petroleum (a non-renewable resource)

 Alloys  A solid combination of 2 or more metals  Brass = zinc and copper  Bronze = copper with tin, zinc, and other elements  Steel = iron with carbon and small amounts of others  Other common alloys:Pewter, 14-carat gold, white gold

 Paint, Varnishes, and Shellacs  Protects  Look Nice  Powder Coating ▪ Eliminates the need for solvents ▪ Electrically charged fine powder is sprayed from spray guns ▪ Product is heated to “cure” the powder into a tough shell ▪ Long-lasting, corrosion resistant surface  Paints are made of ▪ Pigment and solvent

 Process used to cover one metal with another  Ex. Steel bumpers on trucks are plated with nickel so they resistance rusting in bad weather  Process is all about the oxidation and reduction of the metals  Ex. Chrome plating on trucks and motorcycles

 One or two atoms thick…very thin!  Optics and electronics industry  UV /anti-glare protection on auto glass  Color changing paint (iridescence)  Cars that appear different colors in different light

 Page #’s 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 17

 Test Friday Unit 2 Section C and D  Balancing Equations  What is the mole  Molar Mass  Conserving Resources  Dealing with Waste  4 R’s  This Power Point  Remember to complete your review Questions for both sections: due the day of the test