CHAPTER 6: THE AGE OF JEFFERSON

SECTION 1: THE REPUBLICANS TAKE POWER ELECTION OF 1800 JEFFERSON(Burr) ADAMS(Pinckney)

Election Deadlock  House Decides Burr & Jefferson tied with 73 votes – JEFFERSON SELECTED PRES – Burr becomes VP 12 th Amendment—1804 requires electors to vote for Pres & VP on separate ballots

Jefferson’s Inauguration Goals: 1) Wise Government 2) Support States 3) Reduce power & size of Federal Government LAISSEZ-FAIRE Philosophy— ”let people do as they choose”

JEFFERSON’S POLICIES Scaled down military spending Secretary of Treasury—Albert Gallatin (PA) – Reduced national debt

MARBURY V. MADISON Midnight Judges appointed by Adams – Jefferson Blocked Appointments  Marbury Sued Chief Justice John Marshall created judicial review – Constitution is Supreme Law of land – Courts determine Constitutionality of laws – Extended power of S.C. & Federal government

SECTION 2: LOUISIANA PURCHASE American settlers moved west over Appalachian Mountains—PIONEERS CONESTOGA WAGONS—Rifles & Axes

Louisiana Territory Owned by Spain but American farmers could trade in New Orleans  Vital for Western Farmers to trade crops 1802 Spain changes policy & land sold to France

FRENCH THREAT Napoleon wanted to use Santo Domingo as Caribbean naval base Slave/Worker led rebellion successful Haiti declared an independent republic -1803

LA PURCHASE Jefferson sent people to purchase New Orleans France sells whole LA territory for $15 Million: LEGAL?

LA PURCHASE Doubled Size of USA Provide cheap & abundant land for farmers Natural resources & forts

LEWIS & CLARK EXPEDITION Scientific Venture Left St. Louis in 1804—via Missouri River Traveled 18 months & 4,000 miles to reach the Pacific Ocean Sacagawea guided travel Inspired people to move West

Pike’s Expeditions Pike explored Great Plains & Rocky Mts. Pike’s Peak, Colorado

FEDERALISTS PLAN SECESSION Federalists opposed LA purchase – Feared territory would become Republican Wanted a “New England Confederacy” – Needed NY too

1804 ELECTION Republicans choose Jefferson but not Burr Burr runs for NY Governor – Hamilton against Burr  costs Burr the election – Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel – Burr shoots & mortally wounds Hamilton

SECTION 3: DAILY LIFE IN EARLY AMERICA

American Culture Growth of Population & Prosperity Growth of Nationalism & Democracy

2 nd GREAT AWAKENING Equality before God Gave people a purpose to improve themselves & society Converted African-Americans to Christianity

AMERICAN MUSIC BANJOS & PIANOS STEPHEN FOSTER Songwriter AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE CLASSIC GREEK & ROMAN STYLES JEFFERSON’S MONTICELLO

AMERICAN LITERATURE American settings & characters Strong, Brave, Honorable Characters Theme  appreciation of nature

A RURAL NATION NORTH —farmers & artisans – BIG PORT CITIES—RISE IN INDUSTRY – GAP BETWEEN RICH & POOR  MIDDLE CLASS SOUTH— plantations/slavery/cotton – FEWER TOWNS & CITIES

WESTWARD MOVEMENT Rich Soil/Cheap Land for Farmers Difficult Life/Conflicts with Natives