Jumpstart 12/5 1. Gametes: For each of the genotypes presented below, determine all of the possible haploid gametes. For each of the genotypes presented below, determine all of the possible haploid gametes. a. Rr a. Rr b. RrYy b. RrYy c. RrYyBb c. RrYyBb

2. A woman is color blind. What are the chances that her sons will be color blind? If she is married to a man with a normal vision, what are the chances that her daughters will be color blind? Will they be carriers?

Human Traits, continued  Genetic counselors analyze how the trait is passed from one generation to the next. They construct pedigree charts that show the pattern of inheritance for a particular condition, and show if a disorder is dominant or recessive.

Pedigree Chart 1.How many generation are there in this pedigree? 2.How are females represented? Males? 3.What does the shading show? 4.Half shaded? 5.What do the horizontal lines indicate? Vertical? 6.Could you tell the genotypes of the people?

Genetic Disorders  Autosomal ( non-sex linked) Dominant- individuals with alleles AA or Aa will have the disorder.  Autosomal Recessive – individuals with alleles aa with have the disorder.

Autosomal Disorders  Do you remember what an autosome was?

Autosomal Dominant Disorders: - Dwarfism known as achondroplasia - Huntington’s disease Autosomal Recessive Disorders: - Phenylketonuria ( PKU) - Tay-Sachs disease - Cystic Fibrosis - Albinism Incompletely dominant disorders: - Sickle-Cell disease

Ways to recognize autosomal dominant disorders:  Affected children usually have an affected parent.  Two affected parents can produce an unaffected child.  Two unaffected parents will not have affected children. Inheritance Pattern I:

Ways to recognize autosomal recessive disorders:  Most affected children have normal parents.  Two affected parents will always have affected children.  Affected individuals with homozygous normal mates will have normal children. Inheritance Pattern II:

Dominant or recessive? d

r

d

r

Sex – Linked Pedigrees  Y – linked (ONLY males will inherit) Male infertility Male infertility  X – linked Hemophilia Hemophilia Red/Green Color Blindness Red/Green Color Blindness Muscular dystrophy Muscular dystrophy

Pedigree Analysis d=35www.knowledgene.com/public/view.php3?db=gene_school&ui d=35

Activity: Creating and Analyzing a Pedigree 1.Get into your groups as indicated below: 1.1, 21, 6 2.2, 22, 17, , 8, , 5, 19, , 14, , 16, 27, , 26, 12, , 29, , 25, 28 2.Read the instructions and complete. Do in pencil first! Think, think, think! 3.Due at the end of the period!