Communication Disorders Includes both speech disorders and language disorders Speech--The systematic use of sounds and sound combinations to produce meaningful words, phrases and sentences. Heward 9.2Heward 9.2 Language- More complex than speech. Language puts meaning into speech and is used to express and receive meaning Heward 9.1Heward 9.1

Incidence and Prevalence 20% of 6-21 year olds served under IDEA were speech and language impairments 10-15% and 6% of primary school children are affected by speech disorders 3% of preschoolers and 1% of all school age children have language disorders

Etiology Speech Disorders-can be associated with other physical and anatomical problems or unknown Heward Language Disorders-Not a disease, but a failure to learn, many reasons, some known and some unknown. Heward 9.9

Educational Programs Similar students served in pullout program Block scheduling for longer more intensive sessions Consultation between regular and special educators.

Educational Programs Early intervention-must be preschool, many difficulties are in place by school years Articulation Therapy Voice Therapy Fluency Therapy Language Therapy Technology –Alternative and Augmentative Communication –Facilitating Devices

Contemporary Trends and Issues Validity and Linguistic Diversity- alternative forms of standard English are not accepted Not enough minority professionals