1. CD10: Young Children with Special Needs
Chapter 10: Communication

2. Chapter Topics Stages of Normal Language Acquisition
Factors Influencing Development
Children from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds
Assistive Technology
Issues and Principles of Intervention

3. Summary, page 401
“Only when communication is delayed does the complexity of its nature become apparent.”
“Delays or growth in one area affect delays or growth in another.”
“By 4 years of age … a child has mastered the basics of adult language.”
“If remediation is not available … before they reach school age, they may never completely catch up … .”

4. “No matter what language you are referring to, a child’s ability to use that language develops through a series of characteristic patterns. These forms emerge best when they are developed from a rich base of experiences. A child must experience the world for language to hold any meaning.” (page 379)

5. Stages of Language Acquisition
Pre-language and babbling
Language play and development of speech coordination
Adults and older children use child-directed speech
One-word stage
Holophrase: use one word to represent a phrase Fast-mapping: learn new word after one exposure
Early word stage
Joint referencing to build vocabulary and initiate conversation
Noun-verb combinations

6. Multi-word combinations Simple sentence structure
Over generalizations: hide-hided; go-goed;
Simple sentence structure
Adds linking words such as
“is”
“and”
“the”
“A”
“or”

7. Factors Influencing Development
Hearing - pg 384 & 390
Conductive loss
Hearing screenings
Vision - pg 385 & 391
Gesture systems
Intelligence - pg 386
Definite link, but hard to measure or determine
Memory - pg 386
Language is stored or retrieved inaccurately or incompletely
Mental Retardation
Pg 387
Learning Disabilities
Pg 388
Attention Disabilities
Behavior Disorders

9. Speech Disorders Fluency Articulation Voice disorders
Cleft palate or facial abnormalities
Cerebral Palsy
Substance Abuse
Autism
ADD/ADHD

10. Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds
Hannah, Dionne and Cristy
English Immersion Programs
ESL Programs
Bilingual Teachers
Teaching English in Mrs. Lind’s 4th grade

11. Assistive Technology Assistive Technology:
“any item or equipment … that is used to increase ... or maintain functional capabilities.” (pg 396)
Alternate communication devices
Braille books, TTY telephone, talking computers
Augmentative communication
Communication device or technique
Symbol set or system
Sign language
Reading lips

12. Boy reading Braille story book
TTY telephone
Boy reading Braille story book
American Sign Language
alphabet puzzle

13. Communication Intervention
Issues
Collaboration
Child Directive Approaches
Naturalistic Environments
Principles pg
Use comprehensive assessment results
Develop activities that focus on interaction within a social context
Make activities purposeful
Use natural situations
Allow for variability in development

14. The End