Chapter 11, Section Muslims in India What impact did the Delhi sultanate have on India? How did Muslim and Hindu traditions clash and blend? How did Akbar strengthen Mughal India? 4

Chapter 11, Section Arabesque Arabesque- Intricate design made up of curved lines that suggest floral shapes; used to decorate rugs, textiles and glassware.

Chapter 11, Section The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire 4

Chapter 11, Section The Delhi Sultanate Sultans introduced Muslim traditions of government to India. Many Turks, Persians, and Arabs migrated to India to serve as soldiers or officials. Trade between India and the Muslim world increased. During the Mongol raids, many scholars fled from Baghdad to India, bringing Persian and Greek learning. In the 1100s, Muslim invaders entered northern India and organized a sultanate, or land ruled by a sultan. 4

Chapter 11, Section Hinduism and Islam Clash and Blend 4

Chapter 11, Section Akbar the Great Akbar accomplished the following: Implemented policy of religious toleration Employed paid officials, instead of hereditary officeholders Modernized the army Encouraged international trade Standardized weights and measures Introduced land reforms During his long reign, Akbar strengthened Mughal India. 4

Chapter 11, Section The Ottoman and Safavid Empires How did the Ottoman empire expand? What were the characteristics of Ottoman culture? How did Abbas the Great strengthen the Safavid empire? 5

Chapter 11, Section “Gunpowder Empires” While the Mughals ruled India, the Ottomans and the Safavids dominated the Middle East and parts of Eastern Europe. All three owed much of their success to new military technology, such as cannons and muskets. As a result, the period from about 1450 to 1650 is sometimes called “the age of gunpowder empires.” 5

Chapter 11, Section Ottoman and Safavid Empires, 1453–1629 5

Chapter 11, Section The Ottoman Empire Under Suleiman Poets produced works in the Turkish language. Painters produced detailed miniatures and illuminated manuscripts. The royal architect Sinan designed magnificent mosques and palaces. Society was divided into four classes, with “men of the pen” and “men of the sword” at the top. Non-Muslims were organized into millets, or religious communities. Suleiman had absolute power. Ottoman law was based on Sharia. The Ottomans recruited government and military officers from conquered people. ARTSSOCIETYGOVERNMENT 5

Chapter 11, Section Abbas the Great centralized government created a powerful military force strengthened the economy tolerated non-Muslims and valued their economic contributions used a mixture of force and diplomacy against the Ottomans built a magnificent new capital at Isfahan The most outstanding Safavid shah, or king, Abbas the Great revived the glory of ancient Persia. During his reign, he 5