Activity: The Growth of Unions American Industrial Revolution

 What is a Union?  Why would someone want to join a union?  What can a Union do to achieve it’s goals? PAIR SHARE

 Students will be able to explain what unions are and why they were created by creating a thinking map. Objective

The Triangle Shirt-Waist Factory Fire Introduction

Triangle FireTriangle Fire – (1911) One hundred and fifty people, mostly young women, died in a fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City. Fire fighters arrived soon after the alarm was sounded but ladders only reached the 6th floor and pumps could not raise water to the highest floors of the 10-story building. Still the fire was quickly controlled and was essentially extinguished in half an hour. In this fire-proof building, 146 men, women, and children lost their lives and many others were seriously injured.

The 240 employees sewing shirtwaists on the ninth floor had their escape blocked by back-to-back chairs and workbaskets in the aisles. The 75-foot long paired sewing machine tables obstructed essential access to the windows, stairs, and elevators.

Few of the terrified workers on the 9th floor knew that a fire escape was hidden behind iron window shutters. The ladder descended next to the building forcing those fleeing to climb down through flames as they struggled past other shutters stuck open across their path. The design had been deemed inadequate and the material from which it was made was insubstantial. After a few made their way down, the heat of the fire and weight of the people caused the ladder to twist and collapse dropping many who had chosen it as their lifeline.

For endless hours, police officers held lanterns to light the bodies while crowds filed past victims laid out in numbered rough brown coffins. As the dead were identified the coffin was closed and moved aside. Forty- three were identified by sunrise on Sunday. Six days later 7 were still unrecognized.

Labor unions, religious communities, political groups and social reform organizations assembled to mourn the lost lives and demand real progress in worker protection. At times their differences in methods and priorities threatened to take back gains made in public awareness and the commitment to act.

Problems Workers Faced

 Low wages  Long hours (10-14 hours a day)  No unemployment, no health care benefits  Government does not help because of Laissez Faire  Problem #1 Unfair Working Conditions

 Black lung, white lung  High injury rate Problem #2 Unhealthy Working Conditions

 Children as young six were employed  Many worked full time Jobs to help support their families  Children were often injured on the job Problem #3 Child Labor

 Lack of sanitation and police  Families were often crowded into one room Problem #4 Poor Living Conditions

Creating a Union

 Laborers wanted to create unions to fight for better wages, better conditions and benefits Why Join a Union?

 Strike: stop working  Picket: Protest usually by parading and holding signs  Boycott: Refuse to use a service or buy a product  Arbitration: When the Union & employer representatives meet to try to come to an agreement w/out having to go to court. What Unions Can Do

 Should it be one large union for everybody?  Should it be specific to an occupation What Type of Union?

 Employers did not want their workers to join unions  If a worker was discovered to be part of a union they were blacklisted  Blacklist=name gets recorded and passed around so that no one will employ him Employers & Unions

 General dislike for unions in America Poor Public Image

 Workers eventually were able to form a variety of unions which gave them improved conditions like overtime and the 8 hour day

What does this graph represent? Why do you think Union membership increased at the turn of the century? Why not before? Working Conditions

Unions Organize

 1. Read and highlight important information about The Rise of Labor Unions  2. Choose a “graphic organizer” to graph the information you just read.  3. Create the graphic organizer on your paper and fill it in with the important information from the reading. Activity: Rise of Labor Unions

Rise of Labor Unions Review

 1869  Tried to bring ALL laboring people into one  Skilled, unskilled, black, white, women  Supported  Equal pay for women  Temperance  Abolition of child labor  Arbitration – third party helps to reach agreement  Became unpopular after Haymarket square riot  Created bad public opinion Knights of Labor

– Samuel Gompers 2. Skilled workers ONLY 3. Separate unions based on craft 4. Collective Bargaining – union, employers, and employees negotiate for better working condition American Federation of Labor

AFL Screen Actors Guild American Postal Workers Union American Federation of Teachers United Steel Workers of America United Farm Workers of America International Association of Firefighters Unions of the AFL - CIO

 What is a union?  Why do workers form unions?  What are some strategies unions could use to get what they want?  Why wouldn’t employers want unions to exist? Union Review Question