Reproductive system 1. Consist of one or two ovaries 2. Ovary 1) Germinal zone (cell division region) 2) Growth zone (cell growth region) 3. Oviduct – connect ovary and uterus 4. Spermatotheca – sperm storage 5. Uterus – room for fully formed egg 6. Vagina – short muscular line 7. Vulva – a ventral opening

Reproductive system 1. Consist of one or two testis 2. Testis 1) Germinal zone (cell division region) 2) Growth zone (cell growth region) 3. Seminal vesicle – accumulation of sperm 4. Vas deference – a conducting tube 5. Spicules – generally two 6. Gubernaculum – accessory piece 7. Causal alae (bursa) – cuticular extention

Terminology ♦ “ gon ” - from Greek meaning seed, generation, offspring ♦ Gonad – ovary or testis ♦ “ delphic ” – from the Greek meaning uterus ♦ Monodelphic – one uterus ♦ Didelphic – two uterus ♦ Prodelphic – uterus extending anteriorly from vulva ♦ Opisthodelphic – 2 uteri opposed(1 anterior, 1 posterior) ♦ Reflexed – gonad bent back on itself ♦ Outstretched – not bent back on itself

Concepts 1. Number of gonad 1 gonad - Monodelphic 2 gonad – Didelphic 2. Orientation of gonad Anterior = Prodelphic Posterior = Opisthodelphic Paired in opposite direction = Amphidelphic

Concepts 1. Number of gonad 1 gonad - Monorchic 2 gonad – Diorchic 2. Orientation of gonad Anterior = Outstreched Paired in opposite direction = Opposed reflexed

Nervous system 1.Consist of nerve ring, ganglia, ventral, dorsal, and lateral nerves 2. Nerve ring is located at isthmus, encircle it 3. Nerves directed anteriorly and posteriorly from nerve ring 4. Anteriorly, six nerve trunks extend to the cephalic sensory organs (papillae, setae) and two amphidial nerves also extend to amphids 5. Posteriorly, ventral, dorsal, and lateral chord extend to organs in that region

Nematode disease symptoms & signs of nematodes 1)Above ground symptoms a) Stunted growth b) Chlorosis and necrosis c) Incipient wilting d) Reduced plant stand e) Lesions on leaves, malformed floral parts, seed, leaves and stems

Nematode disease symptoms & signs of nematodes 2) Below ground symptoms a) Stunted or abbreviated roots b) Galls c) Lesions d) Rotted e) Abbreviations of tubers f) Hairy roots

Nematode disease symptoms & signs of nematodes 3) Signs of nematodes a) Cyst forms b) Egg masses c) Female nematodes in roots

Anguina tritici in wheat Aphelenchoides

Nematode in Corn, chlorosis and stunt

Turf-nematode, chlorosis

Pratylenchus in American boxwood (chlorosis, stunt)

Soybean cyst nematode – chlorosis, stunt