Causes of French Revolution 1789 Changes brought about by the Revolution

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities

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Marie Antoinette and the Royal Children

The French Monarchy: Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

Ancien Regime Using the handout create your own diagram to represent the social structure in France under the Ancien Regime –Include: population numbers, three etstates, description of ‘classes’, land ownership, privileges.

Let Them Eat Cake! YMarie Antoinette NEVER said that! Y“Madame Deficit” Y“The Austrian Whore”

Socio-Economic Data, 1789

The French Urban Poor

Where is the tax money?

Ancien Regime Map, 1789

Convening the Estates General May, 1789 Last time it was called into session was 1614!

Commoners 3rd Estate Aristocracy 2nd Estate Clergy 1st Estate The Suggested Voting Pattern: Voting by Estates 1 1 1

Commoners 3rd Estate Aristocracy 2nd Estate Clergy 1st Estate The Number of Representatives in the Estates General: Vote by Head!

Europe on the Eve of the French Revolution

“The Third Estate Awakens”

“The Tennis Court Oath” by Jacques Louis David June 20, 1789

Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789

The Great Fear: Peasant Revolt July 20, 1789

March of the Women, October 5-6, 1789 We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy!

National Constituent Assembly August Decrees August 4-11, 1789 (A renunciation of aristocratic privileges!) Liberté! Egalité! Fraternité! V Equality & Meritocracy

The Tricolor (1789) The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris. Citizen! Citizen!

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 26, 1789 ‘Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!’

The Confiscation of Church Lands 1790

Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791

The French Constitution of 1791: Created by the National Assembly YThe king * he could not pass laws. * his ministers were responsible for their own actions. YA permanent, elected, single chamber National Assembly. * had the power to grant taxation. YAn independent judiciary. YA newly elected LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.

Louis Flees Louis reaction to attempt to establish a constitutional monarchy was to flee and encourage Austria and Prussia to invade France. Caught and arrested by revolutionaries and returned to Paris Louis’ reaction marks a fatal turning point. Viewed as a traitor. A republic is publically discussed

Legislative Assembly Conservatives: Wanted a limited monarchy, thought Revolution had gone far enough. SAT ON RIGHT OF HALL Moderates: No extreme views. Sided with conservatives or radicals depending on issue. SAT IN MIDDLE OF HALL Radicals: Extreme views, want a Republic. Want far-reaching change. SAT ON LEFT OF HALL.

The End of Monarchy Invasion of Prussia & Austria spark uprisings in Paris Louis is accused of plotting with enemy Royal family is imprisoned, King’s Guard massacred. Monarchy suspended Legislative Assembly vote itself out of existence to be replaced by NATIONAL CONVENTION.

September 1792 National Convention Three main groups (no one supporting the King) Girondists: Republicans, representing middle class who feared domination of France by Paris Jacobins: Most powerful figures in this group were MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE and GEORGES-JAQUES DANTON. Many of these were extreme radicals wanted reform that would benefit all classes, including the san- culottes. Third Group without definite views or identity.

January 21 st 1793 National Convention charge Louis with plotting against the nation Beheaded by guillotine Shockwaves around Europe and even America

Committee of Public Safety Set up by National Convention to meet challenges from outside France Committee’s duty to: –Direct the army in crushing foreign invaders –Establish a court ‘Revolutionary Tribunal’ to try enemies of the Revolution –Introduce conscription – all unmarried men Army becomes new nationalistic and patriotic force. All classes can become officers.

“Must” Reads: Important Books & Pamphlets of the French Revolution