The Science Test

Individual Population Ecosystem

Population – group of a single species living in the same place Communities - group of interacting populations Ecosystem – the community and its environment Biome – group of ecosystems with the same communities Biosphere – the circle of life

 Food Chains – one path of energy flow  Food Webs – complex model that expresses all the possible feeding relationships in a community

 Predation + - Predator kills the prey for food  Competition - - both compete for same resources  Parasitism + - parasite lives in or on host  Mutualism + + symbiotic relationship in which both benefits  Commensalism + 0 symbiotic relationship in which one benefits and the other is not harmed

 Climate – temperature and rainfall  6 major biomes  Tundra  Coniferous Forest  Deciduous Forest  Grasslands  Desert  Tropical Rainforest

 Amount of light, oxygen and salinity  Lakes  Ponds  Wetlands ▪ Marshes ▪ Swamps ▪ Estuaries  Coral Reefs  Deep Ocean

 Primary Succession: The process of creating life in an area where no life previously existed.  New volcanic islands, glacial retreat, rocks  Secondary Succession: The process of re- stabilization that follows a disturbance in an area where life has formed an ecosystem.  Abandoned farms, forest fires, volcanic eruptions

1st year Horseweed dominant; crabgrass, pigweed 2nd year Asters dominant; crabgrass 3rd to 18th year Grass scrub community; broomsedge grass, pines coming in during this stage 19th to 30th year Young pine forest 30th to 70th year Mature pine forest; Understory of young hardwoods 70th to 100th year Pine to hardwood transition 100th year plus Climax oak- hickory forest