Mitosis/Meiosis How are they different?

This type of cell division used by bacteria to reproduce The exchange of DNA between the chromatid arms on homologous pairs is called ________________ Crossing over This type of cell division used by bacteria to reproduce Binary fission

Independent assortment The mixing up of maternal and paternal chromosomes as they move apart during anaphase I is called ______________ Independent assortment The pairing up of homologous chromosomes during prophase I is called _________________ synapsis

During which phase does this happen? This diagram is showing _________________ Crossing over During which phase does this happen? PROPHASE I of meiosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? Makes 2 daughter cells ______________ Makes haploid cells _______________ Divides twice but copies DNA once __________________ Used to repair injuries ______________ mitosis meiosis meiosis mitosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? Makes 4 daughter cells ______________ Makes diploid cells _______________ Copies DNA every __________________ time it divides Used to make gametes ______________ Meiosis mitosis mitosis meiosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? Makes 2n cells ______________ Crossing over happens _______________ Used when organisms __________________ grow bigger Used in sexual reproduction ___________ mitosis meiosis mitosis meiosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? Testes and ovaries do it ____________ Body cells do it _______________ Crossing over happens ____________ Divides twice ______________ in a row meiosis mitosis meiosis meiosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? Independent assortment_____________ happens Divides just once_______________ Used in oogenesis __________________ Makes cells identical to parent cell __________________ meiosis mitosis meiosis mitosis

Type of cell division shown meiosis Body organ where you would expect to see the above happen Ovary or testes

Type of cell division shown mitosis Tell one reason why a cell would do this Grow organism bigger Repair injuries Replace worn out cells Asexual reproduction

IN humans where does oogenesis happen? ovaries IN plants and some algae the diploid multicellular organism is called a ________________ sporophyte

The small cells produced when the cytoplasm divides unevenly during oogenesis are called ______________ Producing offspring without using sperm or eggs in which the DNA comes from only 1 parent Polar bodies Asexual reproduction

The production of mature sperm is called ___________________ TRUE or FALSE Polar bodies will go on to become mature eggs FALSE; they will die The production of mature sperm is called ___________________ spermatogenesis

A cell with only one copy of each chromosome is called ___________ Type of reproduction in which offspring are produced by combining the genetic material from 2 parents A cell with only one copy of each chromosome is called ___________ Sexual reproduction Haploid OR 1n

A cell which has 2 copies of every chromosome is called _____________ diploid OR 2n Type of division that makes daughter cells which are different from the parent cell and different from each other meiosis

The production of a mature egg is called ____________________ oogenesis Phase in which INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT happens Anaphase I

Crossing over OR independent assortment Name 2 ways the DNA in cells gets recombined in new ways during meiosis Crossing over OR independent assortment Phase during which SYNAPSIS happens Prophase I

Spermatogenesis produces ____ mature sperm cells 4 Phase in which CROSSING OVER happens Prophase I

How many mature eggs are produced during oogenesis? Only 1; the other 3 are polar bodies Chromosomes that do NOT determine sex are called ____________ autosomes

Tell one phase that is different in meiosis than in mitosis Prophase I- Synapsis & crossing over Anaphase I- homologous partners separate instead of sister chromatids; independent assortment Metaphase I- homologous pairs line up together Interphase II- No DNA is copied

tetrad The group of 4 chromatids of a homologous pair is called a ________________ tetrad This picture of an organism’s chromosomes is called a _______________ karyotype

How many autosomes do humans have? 44; 46 – 2 sex chromosomes A human with 2 X chromosomes is a _________ male female female

The joining of sperm and egg cells is called _________________ fertilization A fertilized egg is called a _________________ zygote

Tell how metaphase I and metaphase II are different Metaphase I- homomolgous partners line up together Metaphase II- chromosomes line up separately

IN humans where does spermatogenesis happen? testes In plants and some algae the haploid multicellular organism is called a ________________ gametophyte

A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is a A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is a. a somatic cell of a male. b. a zygote. c. a somatic cell of a female. d. a sperm cell. e. an ovum. Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during a. mitosis. b. meiosis I. c. meiosis II. d. fertilization. e. binary fission. Sperm cell Meiosis I Campbell and Reese Self quiz

D Still X; chromosomes haven’t split yet Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced. If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x. b. 0.5 x . c. x. d. 2 x. e. 4 x. D Still X; chromosomes haven’t split yet Campbell and Reese Self quiz

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced. The immediate product of meiosis in a plant is a a. spore. b. gamete. c. sporophyte. d. gametophyte. e. zygote. D SPORE Campbell and Reese Self quiz

D Still X; chromosomes haven’t split yet Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced. If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x. b. 0.5 x . c. x. d. 2 x. e. 4 x. D Still X; chromosomes haven’t split yet Campbell and Reese Self quiz

2X cell copies DNA in S after G1, but hasn’t split yet If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x b. 0.5 x c. x d. 2 x e. 4 x If we continued to follow the cell lineage from the cell above, then the DNA content at metaphase of meiosis II would be a. 0.25 x b. 0.5 x c. x d. 2 x e. 4 x 2X cell copies DNA in S after G1, but hasn’t split yet X- Back to X again; Cell has reduced # in meiosis I Campbell and Reese Self quiz

Multicellular haploid organisms a. are typically called sporophytes. b Multicellular haploid organisms a. are typically called sporophytes. b. produce new cells for growth by meiosis. c. produce gametes by mitosis. d. are found only in aquatic environments. e. are the direct result of fertilization. Crossing over usually contributes to genetic variation by exchanging chromosomal segments between a. sister chromatids of a chromosome. b. chromatids of nonhomologues. c. nonsister chromatids of homologues. d. nonhomologous loci of the genome. e. autosomes and sex chromosomes. C B Campbell and Reese Self quiz

D In comparing the typical life cycles of plants and animals, a stage found in plants but not in animals is a a. gamete. b. zygote c. multicellular diploid. d. multicellular haploid D Campbell and Reese Self quiz

B Which of the following life cycles is seen in plants? A B C Animals Plants Most fungi & some algae & some protists

A Which of the following life cycles is seen in animals? A B C Animals Plants Most fungi & some algae & some protists

The following life cycles is seen in animals. Haploid gametes fuse to produce a 2n zygote via which process? FERTILIZATION

The following life cycles is seen in animals. Diploid organisms produce haploid gametes via which process? MEIOSIS

The following life cycles is seen in animals. A diploid zygote becomes a diploid multicellular adult via which process? MITOSIS

The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Diploid organisms produce haploid spores via which process? MEIOSIS

The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid spores produce haploid multicellular gametophytes via which process? MITOSIS

The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid multicellular gametophytes produce haploid gametes via which process? MITOSIS

The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid gametes produce a diploid zygote via which process? FERTILIZATION