A Summary of the Distributed System Concepts and Architectures Gayathri V.R. Kunapuli

OUTLINE  Overview of Operating System basics  Transparency  Distributed System Services  Communication Network Protocols  Distributed Systems Major Design Issues  Distributed Computing Environment

Overview of Operating System Basics Definition of an Operating System Functions Components Evolution of Operating Systems

Definition of an Operating System An operating system is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer. The other programs are called applications or application programs. The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API) and the users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface such as a command language or a graphical user interface (GUI).

Functions of an Operating System multiplexing the processor(s) scheduling processes coordinating interaction among processes, interprocess communication and synchronization managing system resources (I/O, memory, data files) enforcing access control and protection maintaining system integrity and performing error recovery providing an interface to the users

Components of an Operating System Shell -Special application to facilitate User Interaction Kernel -Software that contains core components of Operating System

Typical OS components Processor Scheduler Memory Manager I/O Manager InterProcess Communication Manager File System Manager

Evolution of Operating System 1. Centralized operating system: resource management and extended machine to support Virtuality 2. Network operating system: resource sharing to achieve Interoperability 3. Distributed operating system: a single computer view of a multiple-computer system for Transparency 4. Cooperative autonomous system: cooperative work with Autonomicity

OUTLINE Overview of Operating System Basics Transparency Distributed System Services Communication Network Protocols Distributed Systems Major Design Issues Distributed Computing Environment

Transparency Concealment from the user and the application programmer of the separation of components in a distributed system, so that the system is perceived as a whole than rather as a collection of independent components.

Types of Transparencies Access Location Migration Failure Replication Concurrency Performance Parallelism Scaling Revision Security Persistence Reocation

OUTLINE Overview of Operating System Basic Transparency Distributed System Services Communication Network Protocols Distributed Systems Major Design Issues Distributed Computing Environment

Distributed System Services Access to I/O devices. Controlled access to files Program development Editors and debuggers. System access Program execution Error detection and response Internal and external hardware errors Memory error. Device failure. Software errors Arithmetic overflow Accounting Collect usage statistics. Monitor performance. Apart from these, it also provides the Primitive Services, System Services and Value Added Services.

OUTLINE Overview of Operating System Basic Transparency Distributed System Services Communication Network Protocols Distributed Systems Major Design Issues Distributed Computing Environment

Communication Network Protocol OSI Protocols TCP/IP Protocol

OUTLINE Overview of Operating System Basic Transparency Distributed System Services Communication Network Protocols Distributed Systems Major Design Issues Distributed Computing Environment

Summary of Design Issues Issue Communication, Synchronization, distributed algorithms Process scheduling, deadlock handling, load balancing Resource scheduling, file sharing, concurrency control Failure handling, configuration, redundancy Affect Service Interaction and Control Performance Resource System Failures

OUTLINE Overview of Operating System Basic Transparency Distributed System Services Communication Network Protocols Distributed Systems Major Design Issues Distributed Computing Environment

REFERENCES Distributed Operating Systems and Algorithms-Randy Chow and Resource Availability Prediction in Fine-Grained Cycle Sharing, Xiaojuan Ren, Seyong Lee, Rudolf Eigenmann, Saurabh Bagchi, Systems. HPDC'06, Paris, France. June, 2006 Developing the Distributed-Computing OS, Vaughan-Nichols, S.J.; Computer Volume 35, Issue 9, Sept Page(s): An Analysis of The Open Grid Services Architecture D. Gannon, K. Chiu, M. Govindaraju, A. Slominski Commissioned by the UK e- Science Core Program, White Paper, ml ml