1. Distributed System Concepts and Architectures
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE)
Advanced Operating Systems (8320)
Pradeep Konduri

2. Distributed Computing Environment
What is DCE?
DCE Architecture
Some models
References

3. Distributed Computing Environment (DCE)
The DCE is a software that supplies a framework and toolkit for developing client/server applications. The framework includes a Remote Procedure Call (RPC) mechanism, a naming (directory) service, a time service, an authentication service, an authorization service and a Distributed File System.
DCE runs on all major computing platforms and is designed to support distributed applications in heterogeneous hardware and software environments. DCE is a key technology in three of today's most important areas of computing: security, the World Wide Web, and distributed objects.

4. DCE Architecture Largest management unit in DCE is cell.
The highest privileges within a cell are assigned to a role called cell administrator
Major components of DCE within every cell are:
The security server that is responsible for authentication
The Cell Directory Server (CDS) that is the repository of resources and Access Control Lists and
The Distributed Time Server that provides an accurate clock for proper functioning of the entire cell.

5. DCE [Schill ’93]
The DCE infrastructure supports the construction and integration of client/server applications while attempting to hide the inherent complexity of the distributed processing from the user [Schill 93].
The OSF DCE is intended to form a comprehensive software platform on which distributed applications can be built, executed, and maintained.

6. DCE [Schill 93]

7. DCE
Fundamental distributed services provide tools for software developers to create the end-user services needed for distributed computing. They include
Remote Procedure Call, which provides portability, network independence, and secure distributed applications.
Directory services, which provides a single naming model to allow programmers and maintainers to identify and access distributed resources more easily.
Time service, which provides a mechanism to monitor and track clocks in a distributed environment and accurate time stamps to reduce the load on system administrator.
Security service, which provides the network with authentication, authorization, and user account management services to maintain the integrity, privacy, and authenticity of the distributed system.
Thread service, which provides a simple, portable, programming model for building concurrent applications.
Data-sharing services provide end users with capabilities built upon the fundamental distributed services. These services require no programming on the part of the end user and facilitate better use of information. They include
Distributed file system, which interoperates with the network file system to provide a high-performance, scalable, and secure file access system.
Diskless support, which allows low-cost workstations to use disks on servers, possibly reducing the need/cost for local disks, and provides performance enhancements to reduce network overhead.

8. DCE (1997) Applications Distributed Services
Kernel with transport service
Processes and Threads
RPC and Group Communication
Basic System Services
Time, name, process services, etc
Distributed Services
Concurrency control, group management, etc
Distributed File Service
Applications
Security
Management

9. DCE (2002) Open Grid Services Architecture Design Architecture
Based upon Web Services (ports that are service endpoints)
Web Services Description Language: XML language used to describe Web Service
Universal Description Discovery and Integration: Mechanism needed to discover Web Resources
APIs that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a remote system hosting the requested services.
Architecture
P2P
Design Issues
Interoperability between implementations
Extensibility not standardized
Usability questionability

10. DCE(Adiga et al,2005) United Devices Grid MP
Design
Web Services Based
Grid MP system consists of a set of servers providing grid services
Grid MP resources run a lightweight Agent
Architecture
Multi-Tiered (P2P) or Client/Server
Batch Jobs
MPI Jobs
Data-parallel jobs
Design Issues
Resource Discovery-Unreliable resources
Replication-Same job executing on multiple machines

11. Architecture Contd..

12. DCE-(Ren et al,2006) Fine Grained Cycle Sharing Design Architecture
Based on Web Services
Uses Resource Description Framework (RDF): An evolutionary stage of the World WideWeb in which automated software can store, exchange, and use machine- readable information distributed throughout the web
APIs
Architecture
Multi-Tiered (P2P)
Design Issues
Failure Recovery
Coherency

13. References:
Distributed Operating Systems & Algorithms, Randy Chow and Theodore Johnson, Addison Wesley, 1997
Distributed Systems principles and paradigms by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Maarten van Steen, 2002
Kim, K.H., "APIs for Real-Time Distributed Object Programming", IEEE Computer, June 2000, pp
Resource Availability Prediction in Fine-Grained Cycle Sharing, Xiaojuan Ren, Seyong Lee, Rudolf Eigenmann, Saurabh Bagchi, Systems. HPDC'06, Paris, France. June, 2006
Developing the Distributed-Computing OS, Vaughan-Nichols, S.J.; Computer Volume 35, Issue 9, Sept Page(s):
Kim, J.  Thuraisingham, B. Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, ISORC '07.

14. Thank you
--Pradeep Konduri