World War I

Sec. 1- The Road to War June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassination? 4 main causes of the war 1.Imperialism 2.Militarism 3.Nationalism 4.Alliances Pg

July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Russia began mobilization; they were Serbia’s protector Chain reaction Network of alliances? Pg. 416

Central Powers- Germany and Austria- Hungary Allies- Russia, France, Serbia, Great Britain Schlieffen Plan Pg. 417

Germany/France were at a stalemate Dug in, trenches Many men were killed due to the use of new killing power Battle of the Somme, British suffered 20,000 deaths in one day Fighting soldier to soldier became soldier to civilian Christmas Truce Pg Trench Warfare

More Weapons Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells Poison gas and barbed wire fences Tanks and planes became big American Ace- Eddie Rickenbacker German Ace- Red Barron (Manfred von Richthofen

America’s Thoughts America opposed the Central Powers: -They disapproved of Kaiser Wilhelm II -Closer ties with Allies -Main reason-? Neutrality, August 4, 1914 The preparedness movement-? The peace movement-? Pg. 418

Sec. 2- The United States Declares War U-boat- unterseeboot; German submarine Attack British merchant ships Germany’s unrestricted warfare? Changed rules of naval warfare, how? Pg

Lusitania The German subs aimed to attack ships that were carrying weapons to the Allies Uncivilized On May 7, 1915, the Lusitania (British passenger ship) was sunk by a U-boat 1200 passengers died including 128 Americans America’s reaction? pg. 422

Sussex March 24, 1916 a French passenger ship, the Sussex was sunk by a U-boat 80 were killed or wounded including 2 Americans US threatened to cut ties Sussex pledge American neutrality began to weaken pg

Zimmerann Telegram By Feb of 1917, the US began arming merchant ships Zimmermann Note? Pg. 423

Last Straw Neither took the note seriously but it brought the US closer to war March City of Memphis, Illinois, and Vigilancia Declared war on April 6, 1917

Sec. 3- Americans on the European Front Selective Service Act in May 1917 “War to end all wars” Called the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) Doughboys Pg. 425

Women>? Traveled in convoys Kept them safe from U-boats Pg. 426

Strength, good health, and energy African Americans? Harlem Hell Fighters were integrated into the French army, won its highest medal Pg

1918, Lenin signed a peace treaty with Germany, Russia was out of the war Americans came to the rescue, helping in pushing the Germans back “We dig no trenches to fall back on. The Marines will hold where they stand” -General James G. Harbord Pg. 427

Battle of Chateau-Thierry Major battles were won; Amiens, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne Pg

Late 1918, Central Powers collapsed Poles, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks declared independence Mutiny Nov 11, 1918, Germany signed an armistice-? Pg

The last few months of war ended badly Influenza epidemic Outbreaks everywhere Half a million Americans and almost 30 million worldwide died from this outbreak Pg. 430

Results of the War Mental and physical scars ran deep 50,000 died from battle Over 8 million were killed The death tolls? Lost limbs or were permanently blinded Pg. 431

Section 4- Americans on the Home Front Liberty Bonds- ? Gov. increased control of the economy how? Lever Food and Fuel Control Act Pg

Rationing- ? Daylight Savings Time- ? Fears of espionage led to? Pg

Sedition-speech or actions that encouraged rebellions Espionage Act- illegal to interfere with the draft Sedition Act? Pg. 435

Section 5- Global Peacemaker SECTION 5- Global Peacemaker Wilson did not want spoils (rewards), he wanted to est. a permanent agency where countries could resolve disputes peacefully Paris Peace Conference- Big Four was David George Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando Italy, Wilson US Other 3 wanted Germany to pay with land Pg. 438

League of Nations? The Senate rejected the League of Nations Allies demanded harsh penalties against Germany, Wilson feared this would lead to future wars Pg. 439

May 7, 1919, treaty presented to Germany Signed June 28, called the Versailles Treaty? Pg. 439

What spurred the economy? The main economic problem facing war veterans? African Americans? Pg