Jan. 21, 2003APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka1 FOREST MONITORING PROTOTYPE SYSTEM USING WEB MAPPING TECHNOLOGY RESTEC Kaori Kuroiwa NASDA Shin-ichi Sobue NASDA Osamu Ochiai

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka2 Contents Background Purpose Introduction of Web Mapping Technology Providing Data Use case System Overview Main Considerations for system design Conclusion

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka3 Background Earth observation data has been highly effective in environmental monitoring, especially it has been shown to be useful for monitoring forest fires and for agricultural management However, Earth Observation Satellite data is not yet commonly used for operational purposes. So, we would like to promote research and operational use of Earth Observation Satellite data for agriculture and forest fire applications by providing multi-satellite data and in-situ data.

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka4 Purpose To study new services and possibilities of data interoperability between the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan ( MAFF) and National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) through the Development of a prototype system for the forest fire monitoring in Thailand

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka5 Introduction of web mapping technology Standard interface of Interoperability for Spatial data via WWW. OpenGIS Consortium (OGC) Specification Standard interface between Client and Server – Possible to send the request as same message format to multiple servers (to the distributed environment) – Possible to develop own system independently Don’t need to understand the system configuration of other servers, only care about the standard interface

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka6 SRS=EPSG:4326&BBOX= ,24.913,78.794,36.358& WIDTH=560&HEIGHT=350&LAYERS=AVHRR-09-27&STYLES=& FORMAT=image/png&BGCOLOR=0xFFFFFF&TRANSPARENT=TRUE& EXCEPTIONS=application/vnd.ogc.se_inimage SRS=EPSG:4326&BBOX= ,24.913,78.794,36.358& WIDTH=560&HEIGHT=350&LAYERS=BUILTUPA_1M,COASTL_1M,POLBNDL_1M& STYLES=0XFF8080,0X101040,BLACK&FORMAT=image/png&BGCOLOR=0xFFFFFF& TRANSPARENT=TRUE&EXCEPTIONS=application/vnd.ogc.se_inimage Reference ： WMS (Web Map Server) Combined Image

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka7 Providing Data Fire risk map Fire risk map – the risk of each 10 days is determined by the dryness of the area using NOAA/AVHRR NDVI and channel 4. JERS1-SAR mosaic data JERS1-SAR mosaic data – Mosaic data of Southeast Asia using JERS1-SAR No Forest Area mask data No Forest Area mask data – No Forest Area mask data of Thailand Hotspots data Hotspots data – Hotspots extract from NOAA/AVHRR data – Hotspots extract from DMSP/OLS data Map data Map data – DCW (Digital Chart World): coastline, boundaries – Global Map: river, load and so on

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka8 Fire risk maps March March with no forest area mask October October with no forest area mask

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka9 JERS1- SAR image Target area: Thailand

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka10 Use case Target user – Forest fire monitoring operators in Thailand Needs of operators – To grasp the situation about extensive forest fire easily and timely – For an operational system it is important to study the use case.

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka11 Use Case Operators can find the latest fire locations and evaluate further risk of fires by combining fire risk maps with the latest hot spot information. For a more detailed understanding the operator can zoom into an area and overlay hot spots onto the JERS-SAR mosaic image to understand the topography. Also, the operator can overlay state boundaries, rivers, roads, etc. For confirming the location of fire spot the operator can see the lat/lon information on other window. Operator can do temporal searches on historical (past) Fire Risk maps and hot spots database. Operator can save the image in JPEG format and hot spot lat/lon information in text format.

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka12 System overview Fire risk map server （ WMS 1.1.0) – For getting a request from the forest monitoring client and sending to the client a fire risk map which is processed according to a request JERS1-SAR mosaic data server (WMS 1.1.0) – For getting a request from forest monitoring client and sending to the client a mosaic image which is processed according to a request Hotspots server (WMS & WFS ) – For overlying the hotspots on the fire risk map and mosaic image, WMS interface is used. – For showing the location (lat/lon) of hotspots WFS interface is used. Forest monitoring client – For sending the requests to multiple server and getting the image from multiple servers and combine multiple images

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka13 Machine environment Server nameOSSoftware Fire risk map serverSolaris 2.7Apache( WWW server), Perl (Script languare), IDL (Image processing software) JESR-SAR mosaic data server Linux 7.3Apache, Perl, IDL Hotspots data serverLinux 7.3Apahce, Perl, PostgreSQL (DB), IDL Forest monitoring Clinet Linux 7.3Apahce, EarthNavi (Map Applet), PostgreSQL (DB), PHP, GD library

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka14 Figure 2 System Configuration Hotspots data server （ WMS ＆ WFS ） Forest Monitoring Client Request Image Request Result Fire risk map （ WMS ） AVHRR ＆ DMSP hotspots DB JERS SAR Mosaic data server JERS-SAR mosaic data server （ WMS ） Request GML Request Image internet WMS and WFS I/F pert User internet

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka15 Main considerations for system design Simple and Easy user interface Simple and Easy user interface – According to study the use case, the usefulness functions were selected. – Reduce a missing of input form user by preparing the check box and pull down menu Consideration of limited bandwidths in Thailand Consideration of limited bandwidths in Thailand – Small data sizes – Minimize the number of transmissions How to show the continuous days of forest fire How to show the continuous days of forest fire – Important to know the continuous days of forest fire – Forest fire usually continue 3days, big forest fire continue 5days. – Scientists wanted the system to show the number of days that a fire had burned in the same area. – The solution chosen was to show the age of the fire by its color. Thus, a new fire is shown in red, a fire one day old is shown in pink, and fires that are two or more days old are shown in another color.

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka16 Display image

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka17

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka18 Legend of Hot spots 0 1day ago 2day ago 3day ago 0 1day ago 2day ago 3day ago AVHRR hotspotsDMSP/OLS hotspots

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka19

Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka20 Conclusions Confirmed the possibilities to provide the valuable services by combining the data from multiple servers using web mapping technology By using the standard interface – Possible to provide the data to WMS compliant system – Increase the field of data usage Prototype system operation is scheduled to end of February, We will obtain comments from the users to guide us in developing a more useful system. In addition, this data will be available to the planned Digital Asia Network for Southeast Asia as a demonstration system.