Journal ► Why do you think it is important to classify organisms? ► How do you think scientists go about classifying organisms? ► You have kitchen drawer full of kitchen tools how would you go about classifying them.

Classification of Organisms

► The study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships is called systematics or taxonomy  Taxonomy is the work involved in the original description of a species.  Systematics is the assigning of species into evolutionary groups.

Father of Modern Classification ► The modern classification system originated with the work of Carolus Linnaeus  he recognized the different species could be grouped into broader categories based on shared characteristics  any grouping of animals that shares a particular set of characteristics forms an assemblage called a taxon

Scientists have a system for naming all the living organisms on earth. Developed over 200 years ago He gave each organism a two-word Latin name (Binomial Nomenclature) WHAT’S IN A NAME? Bi =Nomial = twoname

Linneaus’ System of Scientific Names Each species of a living thing is given a DOUBLE NAME EX:Just like your first and last name First Name = (Genus) Tells which group of similar species the living thing belongs to Second Name = (Species) Tells the name of the one particular species in that genus

Linneaus’ System of Scientific Names Example: Scientific Name for a dogCanis familiaris Scientific Name for a Timber Wolf Canis lupus Scientific Name for a CoyoteCanis latrans Notice that the word Canis is used in all of these names. This is the Latin word for DOG. It is used as the genus name because these animals are all dog-like animals The second name, species, indicates the particular type of dog

Binomial Nomenclature - Rules Example: Canis familiaris 1. First letter of first word (genus) is always capitalized 2. First letter of second word (species) is not capitalized 3. Both words are italicized or Linneau’s System of Scientific Names DO NOT underline space between words!!! Canis familiaris both words are underlined

How Are Living Things Classified? There are 7 levels in the classification system of organisms As one goes from the Kingdom to the Species (DOWNWARD)…An increase in the similarity between organisms occur There are fewer numbers of different kinds of organisms

How Are Living Things Classified Cont’d? Kingdom: The highest level Phylum: A subdivision of a kingdom Class: Each phylum is divided into classes Order: Each class is divided into orders Family: Each order is divided into families Genus: Each family is divided into genera Species: Lowest level (represents a single type of organism)

The Seven Level System ► Kingdom ► Phylum ► Class ► Order ► Family ► Genus ► Species ► King ► Phillip ► Called ► Oprah ► For ► Good ► Spices

OTHER WAYS TO REMEMBER There are 7 levels of classification. Remember the first letter of this sentence ► King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

How Are Living Things Classified Cont’d? original Homework: Write an original catch phrase for the categories of classification so that each word in the phrase begins with the letter of the category in their correct order from largest to smallest Example: Example: Kids play cards on fat green stools Kingdom Phyllum Class Order Family Genus Species

Using the Classification System Field guides help identify organisms. -they highlight differences between similar organisms (like trees) Taxonomic Key (AKA Dichotomous Key) -paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms

Taxonomic Key ► 1. Fruits occur singly Go to 3 ► 1' Fruits occur in clusters of two or more Go to 2 ► 2. Fruits are round Grapes ► 2' Fruits are elongate Bananas ► 3. Thick skin that separates easily from flesh Oranges ► 3' Thin skin that adheres to flesh Go to 4 ► 4. More than one seed per fruit Apples ► 4' One seed per fruit Go to 5 ► 5. Skin covered with velvety hairs Peaches ► 5' Skin smooth, without hairs Plums