2. Bellringer 09/18/14 w Explain what it means that a living thing must contain all characteristics of a living thing.

3. Topic: Classification of Living Things EQ: What methods are used to classify living things into groups?

4. Learning Scale: I can … w 4 – Design a dichotomous key to classify organisms. w 3 – Analyze how and/or why organisms are classified. w 2 – Describe how and/or why organisms are classified. w 1 – Recognize the levels of organization.

5. Penny Sort Activity w A. Your group will be given 10 pennies a piece. w B. Come up with a way to place these pennies into at least 3 groups. 5 minutes

6. Think-Pair-Share Let’s talk about it……. a. What are some ways you sorted your pennies? b. We have over 75 billion tons of living things on Earth….Imagine that

8. What is classification? w Classification is grouping of living organisms in groups based on similar characteristics.  Taxonomy: the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

9. Ways we classify things Supermarket aisles Libraries Classes Teams/sports Members of a family Roads Cities Money

10. Comprehension Check w Why do scientists classify organisms into groups? w What do scientists use to classify organisms into groups?

11. Early classification systems w Aristotle grouped animals into simple groups such as animals or plants

12. Determining Domains w Systematics (the current classification system) uses the following evidence to determine domains:  Cell Type (unicellular or multicellular)  Habitat  How organism obtains food/energy  Structure & Function of features  Common Ancestry

13. Current Classification System w Currently on Earth all living things fall into one of three categories: w A. Domain Bacteria w B. Domain Archaea w C. Domain Eukarya

14. Domain 1: Bacteria w Bacteria Unicellular w Archaea Unicellular, live in extreme environments w Eukarya Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals Unicellular or multi-cellular

15. Domain 1: Bacteria w Unicellular w Obtain energy through photosynthesis or ingesting others w Bacteria can live in areas with or without oxygen

16. Domain 2: Archaea w Unicellular w Live in extreme environments

17. Domain 3: Eukarya w Unicellular or Multicellular w Obtain food/energy through either photosynthesis, eating others, or decomposing materials. w Includes: Protists, Fungi, Plants, & Animals

18. Comprehension Check w How were organisms separated into domains? w How many domains are there? How is this different from Aristotle's system?

19. Tree Map w Directions: Construct a tree map breaking down the 3 Domains….

20. Tree Map Whole Object (Tree) LeavesFlowersStemRoots Name of object being classified Parts of the object Characterisitics/Definitions

21. Learning Scale: I can … w 4 – Design a dichotomous key to classify organisms. w 3 – Analyze how and/or why organisms are classified. w 2 – Describe how and/or why organisms are classified. w 1 – Recognize the levels of organization.

22. Classification Part 2: Levels of Classification

23. Topic: Classification w EQ:

24. Learning Scale: I can … w 4 – Design a dichotomous key to classify organisms. w 3 – Analyze how and/or why organisms are classified. w 2 – Describe how and/or why organisms are classified. w 1 – Recognize the levels of organization.

26. Modern Taxonomy The Evidence used to classify into taxon groups: 1) Embryology 2) Chromosomes / DNA 3) Biochemistry 4) Physiology 5) Evolution 6) Behavior

27. Remember: Early classification systems w Aristotle grouped animals into simple groups such as animals or plants

28. Modern classification system : w Domain w Kingdom w Phylum w Class w Order w Family w Genus w Species Developed by Carolus Linnaeus Consists of 8 levels :

29. Felis concolor

31. Helpful way to remember the 7 levels w Didn’t King Philip Come Over For Grape Soda? w Did King Philip Come Over For Golf Sunday?

32. Helpful way to remember the 8 levels w Didn’t King Philip Cross the Ocean For Gold & Silver? w Dumb kids playing catch on freeways get squashed w Or…make up your own… D K P C O F G S

33. Binomial Nomenclature (Scientific Names)  Developed by Carolus Linnaeus  Two-name system  Genus and species named using Latin or Greek words

34. Writing Scientific Names  Organism’s genus is always written first; the organism’s species is always written second.  The genus is capitalized; the species is written in lower case.  Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined. Example: Homo sapiens

35. Learning Scale: I can … w 4 – Design a dichotomous key to classify organisms. w 3 – Analyze how and/or why organisms are classified. w 2 – Describe how and/or why organisms are classified. w 1 – Recognize the levels of organization.

36. Comprehension Check w Which group has more in common those in the same kingdom or those in the same class? w Why is it important for scientists to use scientific names?

38. 8 Kingdoms Foldable w Listen for Directions

39. EQ: What methods are used to classify living things into groups? Topic: Analyzing Cladograms & Dichotomous Keys

40. Bellringer 09/18/14 What is the genus of the bobcat? Species if the following is its scientific name: Scientific Name: Lynx rufus Genus? Species?

42. Classification Tools w Suppose you to fishing and catch a fish you don’t recognize. How could you figure out what type of fish you have caught?

43. Cladograms w Cladograms: branching diagrams showing the similarities and differences between organisms. w Shows the relationships among organisms, including common ancestors. Example: The salamander, lizard, hamster, and chimpanzee have lungs, but the salmon does not. Therefore, they are more closely related to each other than they are to the salmon.

44. Analyzing Cladograms Which organisms are more closely related, the dragonfly and butterfly or the ant and grasshopper? Why? Which organisms are more closely related, the inch worm and fly or the fly and dragonfly? Why?

45. Dichotomous Keys w A series of descriptions arranged in pairs that lead the user to the identification of an unknown organism.

46. Rules for using a dichotomous key w 1. You must start at #1 for each organism. w 2. No organism fits into more than one group.

47. 1.Divides a larger group in smaller groups 2.Typically, it may separate objects into groups that “have it” and those that “don’t have it”

48. Dichotomous Keys w A dichotomous key turns questions into paired statements.

50. Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles Vehicles with wheels:

51. Unicycle, skates, a/p, bike, train, car, bus Canoe, boat, sailboat, Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles Vehicles with wheels:

52. Wheels made of rubber/plastic: Unicycle, skates, ap, bike, train, car, bus Canoe, boat, sailboat, Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles Vehicles with wheels:

53. Wheels made of rubber/plastic: Unicycle, skates, ap, bike, train, car, bus Canoe, boat, sailboat, Unicycle, skates, ap bike, car, bus train Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles Vehicles with wheels:

54. Wheels made of rubber/plastic: Unicycle, skates, ap bike, train, car, bus Canoe, boat, sailboat, Unicycle, skates, ap bike, car, bus train Carries over 10 people: Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles Vehicles with wheels:

55. Wheels made of rubber/plastic: Unicycle, skates, bike, train, car, bus Canoe, boat, sailboat, Unicycle, skates, bike, car, bus train Carries over 10 people: Bus, apUnicycle, skates bike, car Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles Vehicles with wheels:

56. Naming Organisms: Binomial Nomenclature w Developed by Carolus Linnaeus w Two-name system: First name is the organism’s genus Second name is the organism’s species

57. What rules are used to write scientific names? w The first letter of the genus is ALWAYS capitalized w The first letter of the species is NEVER capitalized w Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined

58. Using the Classification System Field guides help identify organisms. -they highlight differences between similar organisms (like trees) Taxonomic Key (Dichotomous Key) -paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms

59. Early classification  Aristotle grouped everything into simple groups such as animals or plants  He then grouped animals according to if they had blood or didn’t have blood, and if they had live young or laid eggs, and so on…

60. Taxonomic Key w 1a Fruits occur singly....................................................... Go to 3 w 1b Fruits occur in clusters of two or more......................... Go to 2 w 2a Fruits are round....................................................... Grapes w 2b Fruits are elongate................................................... Bananas w 3a Thick skin that separates easily from flesh.............Oranges w 3b Thin skin that adheres to flesh.............................. Go to 4 w 4a More than one seed per fruit............................ Apples w 4b One seed per fruit............................................ Go to 5 w 5a Skin covered with velvety hairs.................... Peaches w 5b Skin smooth, without hairs........................... Plums What steps would you use to identify a peach?