Daily Warm up 1.When a person gets dehydrated what is going on inside them (besides that they do not get enough water)? (Hint thing about inorganic compounds). 2.During a reaction, energy is released this is what type of reaction? 3.What is one difference between a plant and animal cell True or false: 1.A human being loses an average of 10 to 50 strands of hair a day 2.Fingers and toes wrinkle in the bathtub due to the outermost layer of the skin swelling when it absorbs water.

Answers to Warm UP The inorganic molecules cannot dissolve and be utilized Exothermic Plants have a cell wall, chloroplasts and large vacuoles True/False answers –1. False: On average, humans lose strands of hair per day. –2. True copyright cmassengale2

1.DRAW and LABEL what you think an animal cell looks like. (Include as many components as you can, hint: nucleus) 2. DRAW and LABEL what you think a plant cell looks like. In your lab group: Brainstorm all the parts of a cell. 3

4 Basic Structure of a Cell

5 Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell Bacterial Cell

6 Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

7  Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles  Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane- bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals) Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

8 Prokaryotes Nucleoid region contains the DNA Cell membrane & cell wall Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

9 Eukaryotic Cell Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm with organelles

10 Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell

1.1. What type of reaction is this: A + B -> AB ? 2.Which type of bond occurs when Hydrogen is involved? 3.The four most abundant inorganic compounds in your body are what? 4.List three organelles and tell me the function of each one. Daily Warm up

12 Organelles Very small size Can only be observed under a microscope Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm

13 Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells Made of protein and phospholipids Selectively permeable Living layer Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell Cell membrane Organelles Found in Cells

14 Nonliving layer Gives structure and shape to plant and bacterial cells Cell wall Cell Wall

15 Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place Cytoplasm Cytoplasm of a Cell

16 Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs Examples: chloroplast & mitochondrion Cytoplasm More on Cytoplasm

17 Controls the normal activities of the cell Contain the DNA Bound by a nuclear membrane Contains chromosomes Control Organelle Nucleus

18 Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes Genes control cell characteristics Nucleus More on the Nucleus

19 Compound Microscope Instrument for observing small objects Magnify images up to 2000X their size

20 Different parts of a microscope

21 Eyepiece Fine adjustment Arm Stage Condenser control knob Base Body tube Coarse adjustment Iris diaphragm Revolving nosepiece Objective Clip Condenser Mirror

22 STOP: CELLS UNDER THE MICROSCOPE ACTIVITY. LAB 4 Guidelines and questions.

23 Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & makes proteins USED In the cell. Also makes lipids. Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT Located close to nucleus.

24 Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacs (pancakes)Stacks of flattened sacs (pancakes) Have a shipping side & a receiving sideHave a shipping side & a receiving side Receive & modify proteins made by ERReceive & modify proteins made by ER Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the endsTransport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends Transport vesicle

Ribosomes 25 Scattered throughout cytoplasm and on the rough ER. Comprised of protein and RNA molecules Provide structural support for RNA and aid in making proteins

26 Lysosome Contain digestive enzymesContain digestive enzymes Break down food and worn out cell parts for cellsBreak down food and worn out cell parts for cells Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts) Are found in blood cells- can destroy bacteria.Are found in blood cells- can destroy bacteria.

27 Nucleolus Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Inside nucleusInside nucleus Disappears when cell dividesDisappears when cell divides Makes ribosomes that make proteinsMakes ribosomes that make proteins

28 Rod shape Site of Cellular respiration Cell Powerhouse mitochondria

Questions to Answer: 1.What is diffusion? 2.What is osmosis? 3.What does hypotonic mean? 4.What does hypertonic mean? 5.What does isotonic mean? 6.What is the cell membrane made out of? 7.Why do we need to learn about diffusion and different types of transport into a cell?

30 Active cells like muscles have more mitochondria Burn sugars to produce energy ATP In Animal Cells: Mitochondria

31 Contain the green pigment chlorophyll Traps sunlight to make sugars (food) Process called photosynthesis Plant Cell Organelles Chloroplast

32 Dead layer Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibers Freely permeable Cell wall Plant Cell

33 Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm) Resist entry of excess water into the cell Give shape to the cell Cell wall Plant Cell

Daily Warm up 1.Define the function of: Lysosome, mitochondria, and Nucleolus 2.Which organelle is responsible for holding water? 3.What are two differences between and animal cell and a plant cell? True and false: 4. Only 25% of the world is left handed. 5. Each square inch of human skin consists of twenty feet of blood vessels.

True/false answers: –1. False.. Only 10% –2. True copyright cmassengale35

36 Have a large central vacuole Contains cell sap Sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes, water, and pigments Animal cells have one it is just not as large Plant Cell Organelles Vacuole

37 mitochondrion nucleus glycogen granule cell membrane cytoplasm Animal cell No cell wall or chloroplast vacuole

38 Animal Cell Organelles Near the nucleus Paired structures Help cell divide

39 Different kinds of animal cells white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium

40 Similarities between plant cells and animal cells Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Both have a nucleus Both contain mitochondria

41 Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal cellsPlant cells Relatively smaller in size Irregular shape No cell wall Relatively larger in size Regular shape Cell wall present

42 Animal cellsPlant cells Vacuole small or absent Glycogen as food storage Nucleus at the center Large central vacuole Starch as food storage Nucleus near cell wall Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells

43 The cell is the Basic Unit of Life Cell is the smallest unit of living organisms Unicellular organisms are made of one cell only The cells of multicellular organisms are specialized to perform different functions

44 Levels of organization Cells are grouped together and work as a whole to perform special functions

45 Levels of Organization  Atoms  Molecules  CELLS (muscle cells,nerve cells)  TISSUES (muscle, epithelium)  ORGANS (heart, lungs, stomach)  SYSTEMS (circulatory system)  ORGANISM (human)

Study for a quiz next class on the structure and components of a cell! 46