2. ANIMAL AND PLANT THE CELL

3. INTRODUCTION Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell

4. PLANT CELL Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibres Strong and rigid In plant cells only Connected to cell membrane Cell wall

5. –Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm) –Resist entry of excess water into the cell –Give shape to the cell (made of cellulose) Cell wall PLANT CELL

6. –A dead layer –Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibres  freely permeable Cell wall PLANT CELL

7. –Lies immediately against the cell wall –Made of protein (receptors, pores, enzymes) and lipid (double layer=water fearing)  Selectively permeable (responsible for controlled entry/exit of substances –Double layer of lipids with proteins for cell activity. Cell membrane PLANT CELL

8. –Contain the green pigment chlorophyll To trap light energy, to make food by photosynthesis PLANT CELL Chloroplast

9. –Contain starch grains (products of photosynthesis) Chloroplast PLANT CELL

10. PLANT CELLS: PLANT CELLS: CHLOROPLAST Site for photosynthesis Photosynthesis is when sunlight, H 2 O, and CO 2 are use to make glucose and oxygen Chlorophyll is a green pigment found here. Chlorophyll collects the sun’s energy. Chloroplast

11. PLANT CELLS: PLANT CELLS: VACUOLE Membrane organelles that store substances. Vacuoles move substances in and/or out of the cell. Movement in or out of the cell is down by fusing with the cell membrane. Vacuole

12. –large central vacuole –Surrounded by tonoplast –Contains cell sap a solution of chemicals (sugars, proteins, mineral salts, wastes, pigments) PLANT CELL Vacuole

13. –A living layer –Can control the movement of materials into and out of the cell Cell membrane CELL

14. –Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane –Provide a medium for chemical reactions to take place CytoplasmCELL

15. –Contains organelles and granules : e.g. chloroplast e.g. mitochondrion Cytoplasm CELL

16. ORGANELLES  very small size – can only be observed under electron microscope  has specific functions  in cytoplasm

17. –Starch granules –Oil droplets –Crystals of insoluble wastes CELL Non-living granules

18. –Rod shape –Provide cell with energy through respiration –Powerhouse of the cell CELL Mitochondrion ( mitochondria )

19. –Active cells ( eg. sperms, liver cells) have more mitochondria CELL Mitochondrion ( mitochondria )

20. CELL –Double membrane bound organelle –Outer=smooth –Inner = twisted –On the cristae, sugar combines with O 2 to form ATP (energy source).

21. –Controls the normal activities of the cell and all cell parts –Bounded by a nuclear membrane –Contains thread-like chromosomes CELLS Nucleus (the brain)

22. –Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes Chromosomes carry genes –genes control cell characteristics Nucleus CELLS

23. –Membrane bound –Communicates using nuclear pores –DNA found here –Prominent structure are the nucleotides Nucleus CELLS

24. CELLS: CELLS: GOLGI BODIES Single membrane- bound structure. Packaging and shipping of a cell. Packages are fluid- filled & called vesicles. Vesicles transport large molecules in cells. Golgi bodies

25. CELLS: CELLS: RIBOSOME Site of protein synthesis. Read code found in RNA. Assemble proteins cell’s need for growth and different functions. Ribosome pic

26. CELLS: CELLS: ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Connects outer nuclear membrane with the cell membrane. Function as channels within the cell. Two types: Smooth and Rough. Smooth are for fat and membrane protein production. Rough have ribosomes on its surface and synthesize other proteins Endoplasmic reticulum

27. DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANT CELLS Onion Epidermal Cells Root Hair Cell root hair Guard Cells

28. mitochondrion nucleus glycogen granule cell membrane cytoplasm ANIMAL CELL No cell wall or chloroplast Stores glycogen granules and oil droplets in the cytoplasm vacuole

29. DIFFERENT KINDS OF ANIMAL CELLS white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium

30. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS  Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm  Both have a nucleus  Both contain mitochondria, ER, Gogli Apparatus, and ribosomes

31. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS Animal cellsPlant cells Relatively smaller in size Irregular shape No cell wall Relatively larger in size Regular shape Cell wall present

32. Animal cellsPlant cells Vacuole small or absent Glycogen granules as food store Nucleus at the centre Large central vacuole Starch granules as food store Nucleus near cell wall DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS

33. Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Golgi bodies Ribosome Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Plant Cell Cell Wall Chloroplast MUST KNOW VOCABULARY

34. The “project” The “project”