HUMAN ANATOMY Fifth Edition Chapter 1 Lecture Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chapter 7 The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division Chapter 7 Lecture Frederic Martini Michael Timmons Robert Tallitsch

Introduction The appendicular skeleton is involved in changing your position in the external environment. –Standing –Walking –Sitting –Dressing –Driving a car

Figure 7.1 The Appendicular Skeleton Introduction

PLAY The Pectoral Girdle The Pectoral Girdle and the Upper Limb Includes the S-shaped clavicle (collarbone) and the flattened scapula (shoulder blade). The clavicle articulates with the sternum’s manubrium; is the only direct connection between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle. The scapula is attached to the clavicle anteriorly but has no connection to the actual axial skeleton; instead skeletal muscles and ligaments support it.

Figure 7.3 The Clavicle The Clavicle

Figure 7.5a,b,c The Scapula The Scapula

Figure 7.5d,e,f The Scapula The Scapula

PLAY The Upper Limb Consists of the: –Brachium (humerus) –Antebrachium (ulna and radius) –Wrist (carpals) –Hand (metacarpals and phalanges)

Figure 7.6a The Anterior Humerus The Humerus: Anterior

Figure 7.6d The Posterior Humerus The Humerus: Posterior

Figure 7.7a The Posterior Forearm The Ulna and Radius: Posterior

Figure 7.7d The Anterior Forearm The Ulna and Radius: Anterior

PLAY The Wrist and Hand The carpal bones are the eight bones of the wrist. The five metacarpal bones articulate with the distal carpal bones and make up the palm of the hand. The fourteen phalanges of the hand make up the finger bones.

PLAY The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb The pelvic girdle supports and protects the lower viscera and developing fetus in females. The bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb are much more massive than their homologues of the upper limb. Consists of two ossa coxae bones. The lower limb includes the thigh (femur), kneecap (patella), leg, (tibia and fibula), ankle (tarsals), and foot (metatarsals and phalanges).

Figure 7.10a Lateral Pelvic Girdle The Pelvic Girdle

Figure 7.10b Medial Pelvic Girdle The Pelvic Girdle

Figure 7.11a Anterior PelvisFigure 7.11b Posterior Pelvis The Pelvis

Figure 7.12a Superior PelvisFigure 7.12c Inferior Pelvis The Pelvis

The Pelvis: Male vs. Female The male and female pelvis contains numerous differences. –Generally the male pelvis is heavier with more prominent markings due to the larger muscles attached to it.

PLAY The Pelvis The Pelvis: Male vs. Female Characteristics of the female pelvis: –Enlarged pelvic outlet, due to wider ischial spines –Less curvature of the sacrum and coccyx –Wider, more circular pelvic inlet –Broader, lower pelvis –Widely fanning ilia –Pubic angle greater than 100°

Figure 7.14a The Anterior Femur The Femur: Anterior

Figure 7.14d The Posterior Femur The Femur: Posterior

Figure 7.15 The Patella The Patella

Figure 7.16a The Anterior Tibia and Fibula The Tibia and Fibula: Anterior

Figure 7.16d The Posterior Tibia and Fibula The Tibia and Fibula: Posterior

PLAY The Ankle and Foot Seven tarsal bones make up the ankle. The five metatarsal bones articulate with the distal tarsal bones and make up the arches of the foot. The fourteen phalanges of the foot make up the toe bones.