Slavery in Early American Life and Culture. A Different Sensibility “An Unthinking Decision” ~Edmund Morgan "The past is a foreign country: they do things.

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Presentation transcript:

Slavery in Early American Life and Culture

A Different Sensibility “An Unthinking Decision” ~Edmund Morgan "The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there." ~L.P. Hartley

Question #1 Did British Colonists Intend to Create Slave-Based Societies?

No With the Possible Exception of South Carolina British Sense of Identity Racial Pride Anti-Spanish Instincts British Surplus of Labor

Question #2 Was the Experience of the Earliest African Slaves the Same as the Experience of Later Slaves?

Atlantic Creoles

Religious Differences More Important Than Race Class Differences More Important Than Race Owned Property, Built Alliances, Participated in the Legal System Anthony Johnson; Francis Payne “I know myne owne ground”

Question #3 So, What Happened?

1662, slavery becomes hereditary in Virginia. 1664, Maryland passes a law that baptism does not free a slave. 1667, Virginia does likewise. In the 1669, murder of a slave no longer a felony in Virginia. In 1680, Virginia forbade the gathering of blacks for nighttime funerals.

Virginia Slave Code, 1705 "All servants imported and brought into the Country...who were not Christians in their native Country...shall be accounted and be slaves. All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this dominion...shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resist his master...correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the master shall be free of all punishment...as if such accident never happened."

Names: A Marker of Change First Generation: Juan Rodrigues, Samba Bambara, Paulo d’Angola, Anthony Johnson. Later Generations: Bossey, Jumper, Hercules.

Brutality: A Marker of Changing Attitudes “In the previous century, maimings, brandings and beatings had occurred commonly, but the level of violence increased dramatically as planters transformed the society with slaves into a slave society. Chesapeake slaves faced the pillory, whipping post, and gallows far more frequently and in far large numbers than ever before. Even as planters employed the rod, the lash, the branding iron, and the fist with increased regularity, they invented new punishments that would humiliate and demoralize as well as correct. What else can one make of William Byrd’s forcing a incontinent slave drink a pint of urine, or Joseph Ball’s forcing slaves to wear a horse’s bit?” ~Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone