1 Gender and Multiple Uses of Water Charity Kabutha Multiple Uses Discussion Forum Winrock International April 2006

2 Discussions  Context: roles of men and women in agriculture and water systems  Assessing potential gender impacts of multiple water uses  Process of engendering multiple water uses strategy

3 Roles of men and women in African agriculture and water management  In Africa, men and women contribute to food production and water management, but at varying degrees  Women’s role: 90 percent of processing food crops, providing household water and fuel wood 80 percent of the work of food storage and transport from farm to village 90 percent of the work of hoeing and weeding 60 percent of the work of harvesting and marketing  Both men and women significant stakeholders  Introduction of multiple uses of water will of necessity change current patterns

4 A Gender Perspective in multiple water uses  Questions to ask in anticipation of change: What change will occur? What aspects will be affected? Who will be affected by the change and how? Who will gain, where? Who will lose, where? What needs to be done to moderate the negative changes?

5 Multiple water uses: where change could occur  Labor (time, intensity, efficiency)  Changed roles-men usually take over commercial enterprises

6 Multiple water uses: where change could occur  Access-rights, financial  Benefit levels-incomes-forgone, new opportunities  Decision-making-labor, income etc  Other impacts-girls’ education

7 Process for mainstreaming gender  Policy-level: Develop a gender water strategy  Management: Institutional capacity building-main implementing agencies Development and Design  Social analysis-on all aspects of a program Who is affected and whose needs are we addressing? How are those affected involved? Design, implementation etc Are the program strategies appropriate to all stakeholders? where do we do it, when do we do it, what technologies do we use, whose choice etc? How do we capture change-for those currently affected and those not affected?

8 Process for mainstreaming gender  Implementation –local level Capacities Representation of men and women Empowerment of women to input in important decisions  Monitoring systems: Gender-based outcomes and indicators Who measures and how?