What is Energy? Grade 5

2 What is Energy? Energy is the ability to do work. Energy is the ability to do work. Energy is the ability to cause a change. Energy is the ability to cause a change. Energy can change an object’s: motion shape motion shape temperature color temperature color

Potential Energy Stored energy that could cause change in the future. Potential energy often changes or transfers into kinetic energy. Types of potential energy: elasticity gravitationalcompressed spring chemicalmagnetic atoms being brought together

Chemical Energy Chemical energy is made when substances react and form new substances. Food, batteries, and fuels such as oil and gasoline are stored chemical energy. Chemical energy can change to: soundlight thermal electrical kinetic

Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy is energy due to motion. The amount of kinetic energy depends on the object’s speed and mass. Kinetic energy can change into other forms of energy.

Ball slows down Ball speeds up

What is Sound? Sound is a form of energy produced by a vibration or a back and forth movement of an object. Sound is a wave of vibrations that spread from its source of its matter. The more vibrations the waves have, the more energy, the louder the sound. The faster the vibrations or the frequency, the higher the sound. How high or low a sound is called the pitch.

In which state of matter, gas, liquid, or solid does sound travel the best? Sound travels the fastest and is heard the best through solids. Sound travels the slowest and is the quietest when traveling through gases. Sound travels at different speeds in different states of matter/materials. Can sound travel in a vacuum? Explain. 8

9 What is light? Light is something that allows us to see objects. Light is something that allows us to see objects. Light is a form of energy. Light is a form of energy. Light is produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles. Light is produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles

10 Properties of Light Light travels in a straight path. Light travels in a straight path. Light doesn’t travel through all objects. Light doesn’t travel through all objects. These are defined as opaque. These are defined as opaque. Light can be absorbed and Light can be absorbed and changed to heat. changed to heat.

Properties of Light Continued Light bounces off or is reflected from some kinds of opaque objects. Light travels in waves. Light travels in waves. Angles of Reflection

Compare and Contrast Cardboard VS A Mirror Light doesn’t pass through – opaque dull dark absorbs light Light doesn’t pass through – opaque shiny smooth reflects light

Properties of Light Some objects let all light pass through them are known as: transparent Some objects let some light pass through them are known as: translucent

14 Bending Light Lab Bending Light Lab Write down responses on your note page. Problem: What does light do when it travels from one medium or state of matter (air) through another medium (water)? Hypothesis: Test and Observe: Follow steps from the lab sheet. Conclusion:

Light Changes Direction Light bends or refracts as it passes from one medium (form of matter: solid, liquid or gas) to another. Refraction of Light Virtual Tutorial

More on Bending Light White light includes all the colors of the rainbow - ROY G BIV. How a Prism Works

Where Does Light Come From? Sources of Light Sun Ceiling Lights Light bulbs/lamps Flashlight Candle flame Produced By Nuclear reactions Electricity Chemical reactions & Electricity Chemical energy

What is Thermal Energy? Thermal energy is the total of all the kinetic and potential energy of the atoms in an object. When any form of matter gets warmer, the kinetic energy of its atoms increases. The object’s particles move faster, so its thermal energy increases. A change in thermal energy can lead to a change in phase or state of matter. Temperature is a measure of thermal energy.

How Does Heat Move? Thermal energy flows from warmer substances to cooler substances. Heat is transferred from one object to another in three different ways: conduction convection radiation

What is electrical energy? What is electrical energy? A form of energy that is produced when electrons move from one place to another. A form of energy that is produced when electrons move from one place to another. Electrons are particles that are in the space around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons are particles that are in the space around the nucleus of an atom. The forces of attraction and repulsion make electrons move. The forces of attraction and repulsion make electrons move

Energy cannot be made or destroyed Energy can move from one object to another. < < Energy can change from one form to another.

Forms of Energy Electrical Light Chemical Sound Heat/Thermal Solar Wind Water Nuclear Plant & Animal bodies Mechanical: kinetic potential

Forms of Energy Energy Forms Heat/thermal Electrical Chemical Nuclear Mechanical: potential kinetic Light /Radiant What Happens? Objects warm. Food cooks. Lights on. / Machines run. Organisms move and grow. Flashlights light up. Generates electricity. Sled sits on top of a hill. Sled slides down the hill. Plants grow. / Lasers cut.

Basic Forms of Energy Energy Forms 1. Sound 2. Electrical 3. Heat/thermal 4. kinetic 5. Light What Happens? A. Objects warm. Food cooks. B. Lights on. / Machines run. C. Matter vibrates. D. Plants grow. / Humans see E. Sled slides down the hill.