Chorus Should have $5 from you by tomorrow! Attentiveness/Behavior expectations Concert Etiquette Attendance/Binders Warm-ups Sight singing Review all songs for choral fest ONE WEEK UNTIL CHORAL FEST!!!!

Journal for Tuesday April 13, 2010 Answer the following questions in four sentences or more: There are five basic elements that combine to make music: rhythm, melody, harmony, dynamics, and form. Describe one of these elements, and give an example of a song in which it is particularly effective.

Music Appreciation Journal The Major scale worksheet –Sharps Review Continue with Love Songs

American Love songs of the Nineteenth Century Americans have always sung about love. During the 19 th century, families gathered around the piano and sang the popular songs of the day. It was customary for young, middle- class girls to take piano lessons and to be able to play for important social occasions. The 19 th century songs came from Europe: some were composed here. Traveling entertainers circulated the latest songs, carrying them from the eastern cities to the frontier town. Everyone was making music.

American love songs of the 19 th century continued… The early songs use simple melodies and straightforward accompaniments. – Clearly European in musical origin and character. “Annie Laurie” –Published in 1838 –Became a national hit: not an American song –Words and music are by Lady John Douglas Scott of Berwickshire, Scotland. –British troops who sang the song in the Crimean War thought of Annie as the girl they left behind. –Listen to “Annie Laurie”

Chords Harmony: vertical blocks of different tones that sound simultaneously Chords consist of three of four notes that form a harmonic unit. In any scale of key, we can build a chord above each tone or “root” by adding notes that are a 3 rd and a 5 th above that tone. In C major, seven different chords can be formed, one above each note –The chord on C (I) is major; the chord on D (ii) is minor. –The minor chord uses a small (minor) 3 rd above the root –The major chord uses a large (major) 3 rd above the root. –C sharp and D flat sound the same on the piano keyboard because they are played on the same piano key.

Chords continued…. Primary chords (harmonies): the chords built on the first (tonic), fourth (subdominant), and fifth (dominant) degrees of the scale. –The fifth (V) chord is frequently enhanced by adding a minor 7 th above its root, 3 rd, and 5 th. –These chords incorporate all seven tones of the scale: no matter which note of the scale appears in the melody, it can be found in one of these three chords. –If the tone in the melody is in the I, IV, or V chord, that chord will probably harmonize the tone and sound all right as the accompaniment. Musictheory.net

Phrases and Cadences A stanza of a song or poem usually consists of four or more lines with a set meter and rhyme scheme, a pattern that is generally repeated in other stanzas. Songs have a pause built in after each line to give singers a chance to inhale to sing a new line. In music, these pauses at the end of a line or phrase are marked by a Cadence: breathing break. –Sometimes they come at the end of a thought, like a period at the end of a sentence. This is called a Perfect or Full Cadence. The tension has been resolved.

Phrases and Cadences continued…. Sometimes cadences come in the middle of an idea, indicating a temporary pause. This is called an Imperfect or Half Cadence. It sustains the tension that has been created. Stephen Foster- ( ) was America’s first popular song composer. He used simple, straightforward melodies that a listener could easily remember. His use of musical phrases in “Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair” demonstrates natural cadences.

Find the Phrases Can you hear the musical phrases in a classical American love song? As you listen, write down the words in the text that indicate where there are pauses or breathing breaks. Do you agree on where the pauses occur? Next to each phrase-ending word, label the type of cadence: full: if there is the sound of a resolution, or half: if there is a hesitation and is not resolved. (Hint: the first cadence on the word “hair” is a full cadence.)