1. Chapter Nine Harmony

2. Basic Elements of Music Rhythm Melody (pitch Harmony Timbre (sound) Form (shape)

3. Harmony Refer back to “Intro to Intro” Powerpoint for previous discussion of harmony General definition-- Simultaneous Pitches Western-Style Tonal Harmony Tonal Center (Key) The tonic note of the scale creates a feeling of rest—tonal center

4. Scales--review Refer back to Chapter Six Powerpoint for a refresher on scales.

5. Scales-review Diatonic Scale-Major Diatonic Scale-Minor Chromatic Scale

6. Harmony is made up of- Triads –– Chords Harmonic Progression Harmonic Rhythm Harmonic Tension and Release

7. Triads = Chords Triads are made up of scale tones- Every other pitch for three successive tones- Again, referring back to the Intro to Intro Powerpoint will help.

8. Diatonic Triads Triads (chords) are built on the steps of a major or minor scale. This is what creates the tonic and dominant triad function as well as creates the four chord qualities--

9. Tonal Harmony Diatonic Harmony is based on Diatonic Scale--a scale which has a tonal center Diatonic chords--chords built from a diatonic scale (example is a series of chords built on each scale step)

10. Tonal Harmony Chromatic Harmony is based on Chromatic Scale--a scale containing every half step within an octave

11. Tonal Harmony Harmonic Tension and Release sense of rising and falling tension created by chord progression Tonic Triad, built on the first note of the scale, creates a sense of release Dominant Triad, built on the fifth note of the scale, creates a sense of tension Example--The first two chords are the tonic chord, the third and fourth are the dominant, and the fifth returns to the tonic-

12. Tonal Harmony Harmonic Progression motion from one chord to another Harmonic Rhythm duration of chords which helps establish meter This example is made up of two chords, repeated back and forth, each lasting four beats. The movement from one to the other establishes the forward movement and the meter. Notice that the percussion lays on top of the chord progression.

13. Blues Progression The blues is made up of three chords (the tonic, the dominant, and the subdominant-the chord built on the fourth note of the scale) which go in a very particular order (progression). 12-Bar Progression I I IV IV I I V IV I I I = Tonic IV = Sub-Dominant V = Dominant This example is recorded in such a way that there is something distinctive about each chord change to help you hear the progression. The progression is repeated four times. Listen in particular to the bass guitar.

14. Antonio Vivaldi [1678-1741] u Baroque period composer u Referred to as the “Red Priest” u Lived in Venice u Was head of music at Ospedale della Pietà--orphanage for girls u The Four Seasons--most famous composition

15. La Primavera (Spring) in E major Characteristics vThree Movements vRitornello vBasso Continuo Movements I Allegro [ritornello] < II Largo [theme, variation] <III Allegro [ritornello] Typical Baroque Concerto