Why will two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom come together to form water? Why do any atoms come together? Is there a way to predict what elements will come together?

Chemical Bonds Covalent Polar Non Polar IonicMetallic

Chemical Bonds CovalentNonmetalsIonic Metal and a Nonmetal MetallicMetals

The Periodic Table is Arranged With Metals on the Left MetalsMealloids Non- Metals Stepped-Line Separates Metals and Non- metals * ** * What type of bon will these elements form? 1)Na and Cl 2)C an O 3)Mg and F 4)H and Oxygen

Chemical Bonds CovalentNonmetals Valence Electrons Shared Ionic Metal and a Nonmetal Valence Electrons Transferred MetallicMetals Delocalized Valence Electrons

Bohr Diagrams Lewis Dot Diagrams Ne Argon

Electrical Charges are like tiny magnets. Opposite Charges Attract ( + and - ) Like Charges Repel ( + and + or - and - ) Electrostatic Force (Coulomb’s Law!)

Atoms try to attain the nearest noble gas configuration Atoms will lose or gain electrons until their outermost valence shell is full. Atoms with a full valence shell are stable. Atoms essentially “want” 8 VEs N O Ne F 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6

Electrons: Protons: +18 Charge: 0 18 Ar Argon 40 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6

Electrons: Protons: +17 Charge: 0 17 Cl Chlorine s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5

Electrons: Protons: +17 Charge: Cl Chlorine s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6

Electrons: Protons: +11 Charge: 0 11 Na Sodium 23 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1

Electrons: Protons: +11 Charge: Na Sodium 23 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1

Electrons: Protons: +10 Charge: 0 10 Ne Neon 20 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6

Electrons: Protons: +12 Charge: 0 12 Mg Sodium s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 -

Electrons: Protons: +12 Charge: Mg Sodium s 2 2s 2 2p 6

Ionic Charge * ** *

1s 0 H 1+ He 1s 2 Li 1+ 1s 2 Be 2+ 2s 2 2p 6 Nitride N 3- 2s 2 2p 6 Oxide O 2- 2s 2 2p 6 Fluoride F 1- Ne 2s 2 2p 6 Na 1+ 2s 2 2p 6 Mg 2+ 2s 2 2p 6 Al 3+ 3s 2 3p 6 Phosphide P 3- 3s 2 3p 6 Sulfide S 2- 3s 2 3p 6 Chloride Cl 1- Ar 3s 2 3p 6 K 1+ 3s 2 3p 6 Ca 2+ 3s 2 3p 6 Sc +3 3s 2 3p 6 Ti +4 V 2+ V 3+ V 4+ V 5+ Cr 2+ Cr 3+ Mn 2+ Mn 3+ Mn 4+ Mn 6+ Mn 7+ 4s 0 3p 6 Fe 2+ 4s 0 3d 7 Co 2+ 4s 0 3d 8 Ni 2+ 4s 0 3d 10 Cu 1+ 3d 10 Zn 2+ 4s 2 4p 6 Selenide Se 2- 4s 2 4p 6 Bromide Br 1- Kr 4s 2 4p 6 4s 0 3p 5 Fe 3+ 4s 0 3d 6 Co 3+ 4s 0 3d 9 Cu 2+ 4s 2 4p 6 Rb 1+ 4s 2 4p 6 Sr 2+ 5s 0 4d 10 Ag 1+ 4d 10 Cd 2+ 4d 10 5s 2 Sn 2+ 5s 2 5p 6 Iodide I 1- Xe 5s 2 5p 6 4d 10 Sn 4+ 5s 2 5p 6 Cs 1+ 5s 2 5p 6 Ba 2+ 6s 0 4f 14 5d 10 Au +1 4f 14 5d 10 Hg 2+ 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 Pb 2+ 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 Bi 3+ Rn 6s 2 6p 6 5d 10 Sn 4+

Atom that has lost or gained electrons Metals lose electrons and form positive ions. Nonmetals gain electrons and form negative ions. Cations are positive ions. Anions are negative ions. Cats have paws Cations are pawsitive Anion look like Onion Onions make you cry

Na Cl [1] Sodium wants to lose an electron [2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron

Na Cl [1] Sodium wants to lose an electron [2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron [3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine

Na Cl [1] Sodium wants to lose an electron [2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron [3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine [4] Sodium becomes a cation (+) and chlorine becomes an anion (-). + -

Na Cl [1] Sodium wants to lose an electron [2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron [3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine [4] Sodium becomes a cation (+) and chlorine becomes an anion (-). + - Na + Cl - [5] The sodium ion will combine with the Chloride ion because opposites attract Electrostatic Force! Electrostatic Force!

Na Cl [1] Sodium wants to lose an electron [2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron [3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine [4] Sodium becomes a cation (+) and chlorine becomes an anion (-). + - Na + Cl - [5] The sodium ion will combine with the Chloride ion because opposites attract Electrostatic Force! Electrostatic Force! Ionic Bond

Valence electrons are transferred. metal and nonmetal Metals lose electrons (cations = + charge) Nonmetals gain electrons (anions = - charge). Electrostatic attraction of cations and anions.

Li F What happens here? Look at the periodic table and predict another ionic bond What happens here? Look at the periodic table and predict another ionic bond

List six cations and six anions Draw an Illustration of an ionic bond forming between Potassium and Fluorine. Draw an Illustration of an ionic bond forming between Magnesium and Chlorine Draw an illustration of an ionic bond forming between Calcium and Oxygen Explain the pictures/memes on the following four slides in your notebook.

Identify some Anions and Cations Cations Li + Na + K + Rb + Be 2+ Mg 2+ Al 3+ Anions F - Cl - Br - Rb - S 2- Se 2- P 3-