China, Russia, Ireland, Spain

Birth of Republic of China Qing (Ching) Dynasty 1644-1912 – last of 2000 years of dynastic imperial China, Manchurians ruling over Hans Empress Dowager CiXi Emperor Pu Yi, the Last Emperor, Forbidden Ciy Wuchang Uprising – General Yuan Shi Kai Dr. Sun Yat-Sen – 1st president Xinhai Revolution 1911 Republic of China 1912-1949 – lost to Mao and communists, moved to Taiwan in 1949

The October Revolution 1917 Rasputin March 1917 – Tsar Nicholas II abdicates The provisional govt and Kerensky, soviets Royal family moved to house arrest Constituent assembly planned for November Bolsheviks vs. Menschiviks Vladimir Lenin September 1917 – Bolsheviks gain majority in soviets in Moscow and Petrograd October 10 October 23 – newspapers closed October 24 – Bolshevik army takes city October 25 – Kerensky flees, October 26 – Lenin’s decrees on peace and land The Cheka

The Russian Civil War 1918-1920 Treaty of Brest-Livotsk March 1918 (Finland) Nicholas II, Tsarina Alexandra, Alexei, Olga, Tatiana, Anastasia Hemophilia April 1918 - The Royal Family moved to Yekaterinburg White Army versus Red Army White Russians gaining ground July 16 – family and servants executed Civil War over by 1920 Polish-Soviet War – Treaty of Riga

After Treaty of Riga

Irish Independence Background – Elizabeth I, Oliver Cromwell, Potato Famine, ruling Protestant minority Irish nationalist Sir Roger Casement and the Germans The 1916 Easter Rising Eamon de Valera Sinn Fein 1905 1918 Conscription Crisis

Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921 Irish Civil War 1922-23 Irish Republican Army vs. British Army 1919 Versailles – Sinn Fein attended, ignored Home Rule versus independence January 1919 – guerrilla warfare begins in Tipperary and Cork Michael Collins Act of 1920 – two parliaments, six counties became Northern Ireland July 11, 1921 – Collins signs Anglo-Irish Treaty with UK, accepted partition Irish Free State – de Valera first PM Irish Civil War 1922-1923 August 1922 – Collins ambushed by anti-treaty Irish

Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 Republicans (incumbent) v. Nationalists (Franco) 1931 – King Alfonso XIII authorized elections Monarchy abolished, 2nd Republic formed, Catalonia, Basque autonomous 1933 – conservatives regain govt control 1936 – Popular Front regains leftist control, Franco sent to Canary Islands

The Civil War July 17, 1936 - Franco joined units in Spanish Morocco, garrison uprisings all over Spain Franco and army ferry across Strait of Gibraltar November – siege of Madrid 1937 Falange – fascist party behind Franco The Republicans increasingly communist – aided by Soviets Germany and Italy aid Franco Jan. 1939 – Barcelona falls March – Madrid falls 1 million lives lost Franco is dictator until 1975

Guernica by Picasso April 26, 1937

Movies and Books Michael Collins - Ireland In the Name of the Father - Ireland The Boxer - Ireland Bloody Sunday - Ireland For Whom the Bell Tolls - Spain