Virus Quiz 1.Are Viruses living? Why or Why not. 2.Explain the 2 ways viruses reproduce. 3.Can viruses infect animals, plants and bacteria? 4.Draw and label a bacteriophage 5.List 4 examples of viruses or diseases caused by viruses You have 20 minutes

General Protozoa Info -Eukaryotic organism / Protista Kingdom -Single Celled or Multi-Celled -About ½ of known species are extinct (fossils) -Free living, colonial or parasitic -“Catchall kingdom..”

Simplest Eukaryotes? As a whole; simple (compared to humans) On a cellular level; complex (no specialization) carry out ALL FXNs Simple Creatures?

Animal Like (heterotrophs), P PP Plant Like (photosynthesis) or F FF Fungus Like (decomposers) Where do they Live? aquatic environments (water, soil, body fluids) How they move? Flagella (Zooflagellates {Giardia & Trichonympha} Pseudopodia (Amoeba, Forams) Cilia ( Paramecium) No movement- plasmodium, apicomlexans General Characteristics (How are they classified)

movements

Cell Wall Photosynthetic Pigments StructureExamples Euglenoids Dinoflagellate Diatom Seaweed Brown Algae Seaweed Red Algae Seaweed Green Algae 17.4 Graphic Organizer

Protist Drawings and Microscopy! 10X- Euglena Eyespot Green- photosynthesis PLANT LIKE 1.Magnification 2.Name of Organism 3.Key Characteristics 4.Movement 5.Classification What you need for each

Slime Molds! 1.Plasmodial 2.Cellular 3.Water molds 4.Downy Mildew

17.3 Slime Molds Not “mold” (type of fungus) Plasmodial Slime Molds –S–Single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei –T–Thrive in moist areas of decaying matter –P–Pseudopodia engulf organic matter (streaming) –W–Water/food shortage – fruiting bodies (sporangia) Meiosis produces haploid spores Good conditions – spore release active haploids, fuse together to form diploid zygotes  new plasmodium

Cellular Slime Molds Also decomposersAlso decomposers Both unicellular and multicellular life cycles –3 life cycles (individual, colony and spore) –Most of time- amoeba like haploid cells –Scarcity of food- form colony (multicell) Secrete chemicals –Form haploid spores (asexual)

Both asexual and sexual

Water Molds & Downy Mildews Different from slime molds but fungal-like –Still heterotrophic & fungus like –Water Molds- freshwater, decompose & parasitic on gills or skin Unicellular or branching filaments Reproduce sexually (motile spore w/flagella) –Downy Mildew- some parasitic (potato famine) Asexual and sexual

17.4 Algae & Algae Like Photosynthetic Protists (plant like)Photosynthetic Protists (plant like) –Chloroplasts –Unicellular, colonial, multicellular –Asexual and sexual mechanisms Classified by : –Cell Wall, –Types of Photosynthetic Pigments, Structure, – Storage Carbohydrates, –Nucleic Acid

Euglenoids Single Celled –1-2 flagella –Lack cell walls –Chloroplasts for photosynthesis –Live in freshwater –Plasma membrane- tough and flexible –Eyespots –Can be heterotrophic if needed

Dinoflagellates Unicellular PhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic Cell wall made out of cellulose 2 perpendicular flagella (dinos) Freshwater & saltwater Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Red-tidesRed-tides Bioluminescence

Diatoms Glass-like cell wall (silica) UnicellularUnicellular Chlorophyll and other pigments (brown yellow color)Chlorophyll and other pigments (brown yellow color) Freshwater and saltwater Diatomaceous earthDiatomaceous earth

Seaweeds Large, multicellular marine algae Lack true roots and vascular systems RedGreenBrown, Red or Green algae –Based on types of pigments Rich in essential minerals Polysaccharides –Food thickeners, cosmetics, agar!

Brown Algae Biggest and most complex Chlorophyll and accessory pigments Rocky shores Kelp w/Holdfasts

Red Algae Warm coastal waters Red pigment along with chlorophyll Deepest water (red absorbs blue and green light) Depend on water currents to bring gametes together

Green Algae Unicellular, colonial and multicellular Green chloroplasts Marine and fresh (mostly fresh) –Chlamydomonas Single celled –Volvox Colonial –Ulva Multicellular Cellulose cell walls, starch for food storage Asexual and sexual –Flagellated gametes

17 Origin of Eukarya Endosymbiosis- –chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from small symbiotic prokaryotes that lived within other, larger host cells. EvidenceEvidence –present-day mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to prokaryotic cells in a number of ways. contain DNA, RNA, and ribosomes, which resemble prokaryotes mitochondria and chloroplasts copy their own DNA and reproduce within the host cell by a process resembling the binary fission of prokaryotes.

Endosymbiosis