1. What Are Protists? Kingdom Protista “odds and ends”
Eukaryotic organisms
Heterotroph, autotroph, or decomposer

2. Several important characteristics:
membrane-bound organelles
complex cilia and flagella
sexual reproduction with gametes
Multi – cellularity

3. Reproduction Asexually by binary fission, budding, and fragmentation
Sexually by fusion of gametes

4. Occurs as a response to environmental stress Zygospore
Sexual Reproduction
Occurs as a response to environmental stress
Zygospore
Adaptation that allows the zygote to survive freezing, drying out, and sun exposure
Multicellular protists can reproduce both sexually and asexually via alternation of generations.
consists of multi - cellular haploid and multi - cellular diploid phases.

5. How they they obtain nutrition
Classifying Protists
How they they obtain nutrition
Photosynthesis
Breakdown organic material
Capture and eat other protists
Ecological role

6. Animal – Like Protists Protozoa “first animals”
Ingest other organisms to obtain energy
Unicellular, most can move, and most reproduce asexually by binary fission

7. Move by using extensions of their cells called pseudopodia
Amoeboid Protists
Move by using extensions of their cells called pseudopodia
Pseudopodia are also used to surround and engulf food particles
Live in fresh water, in salt water, and in soil
Free-living, but some are parasites

8. Ciliates
Some of the most complex single - celled organisms
Most or all of the body is covered by short, hair - like structures called cilia
Move and hunt for food by beating their cilia

9. Flagellates Protists that have whip-like structures called flagella.
Some flagellates also have cilia or form pseudopodia.
Can be free-living or parasitic

10. Sporozoans
Animal-like protists that form spore – like cells when they reproduce
They lack flagella, cilia, and pseudopodia and do not move.
All sporozoans are parasitic and cause diseases. (Malaria)

11. Plant – like Protists
Include the organisms known as phytoplankton and algae.
Obtain energy through photosynthesis
Vary in the types of pigments used in photosynthesis and the kinds of molecules used to store energy
Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, algae

12. Diatoms
Photosynthetic, unicellular protists with unique double shells
Their shells are made of silica or calcium carbonate and have distinct patterns.

13. Dinoflagellates
Unicellular protists that typically have two flagella.
Most are photosynthetic, but some are heterotrophic
Most have protective coats that contain silica.

14. Euglenoids
Freshwater protists that have one or two flagella.
Many are photosynthetic, heterotrophic, or both.
Some have an eyespot that helps direct them toward light.

15. Most are multicellular and are usually found in warm ocean waters.
Red Algae
Most are multicellular and are usually found in warm ocean waters.
The pigments in red algae absorb blue light that penetrates deep into water.
Red algae grow at greater depths than other algae.
Some have calcium carbonate in their cell walls.
These coralline algae play an important role in the formation of coral reefs.

16. Brown Algae
Multicellular protists that are found in cool ocean environments.
The largest brown algae are kelp that can reach 60 m (197 ft) in length.
The body of a kelp has is made up of a holdfast, a stipe, and blades

17. Green Algae
Very diverse group of protist that form a major part of marine plankton.
Some inhabit damp soil and resemble plants.
Some are symbiotic within the cells of other organisms.
Use chlorophyll for photosynthesis, starch to store energy, and their cell walls contain cellulose.

19. Fungus – like Protists
Absorb nutrients from their environment and reproduce by releasing spores.
Slime Molds
Water Molds and Downy Mildews

20. Protists and Humans Dysentery Toxoplasmosis Contaminated water
Giardia, amebiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Litter boxes and uncooked meat
Flu – like symptoms

21. Trichomoniasis Cryptosporidiosis Chagas disease Very common S.T.I
Dysentery from uncooked meat and contaminated water
Chagas disease
Kissing bug feces
Few to no symptoms then can become chronic with heart failure, swollen esophagus and large intestine

22. Protists and the Environment
Oxygen production and nutrient recycling
Produce at least half of the Earth’s oxygen
Food webs
Primary producers
Algal blooms
Red tide and eutrophication
Protists symbiosis
Coral, lichen, ungulate digestion