Primary Production in Terrestrial Systems Fundamentals of Ecosystem Ecology Class Cary Institute January 2013 Gary Lovett.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Study on Carbon Budget for Ecosystems of China: Aspects and Progress Yao Huang Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy.

Advertisements

Net primary production is The rate at which plant material Is PRODUCED, before consumed or death Herbivores above ground Detritus Decomposers below ground.

Productivity and the Carbon Cycle

Cell Energy SUN ENERGY SUGAR ATP(ENERGY) LIFE’S ACTIVITIES

Productivity. PRODUCTIVITY is production per unit time. energy per unit area per unit time (J m -2 yr -1 ) Or biomass added per unit area per.

The C budget of Japan: Ecosystem Model (TsuBiMo) Y. YAMAGATA and G. ALEXANDROV Climate Change Research Project, National Institute for Environmental Studies,

Diagnostic canopy Prognostic canopy. Offline results: Combined influence of sun/shade and prognostic canopy scheme, compared to CLM3.0. CLM3-CN running.

Error estimates for biometric measurements of NEP Mike Ryan and Rudy King USDA Forest Service Motivation: Understand how age, fertility, species change.

Persistence of nitrogen limitation over terrestrial carbon uptake Galina Churkina, Mona Vetter and Kristina Trusilova Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry.

Jun-Aug/annual mean T precip.sum (degC) (mm) / / / / / / / /810 Jun-Aug/annual mean.

Individual organism: How do structure, physiology, and behavior lead to the individual’s survival and reproduction? Population: What determines the number.

Carbon Allocation in Forest Ecosystems Mike Ryan USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Creighton Litton California State University, Fullerton.

The Carbon Cycle I.Introduction: Changes to Global C Cycle (Ch. 15) II.C-cycle overview: pools & fluxes (Ch. 6) III. Controls on GPP (Ch. 5) IV.Controls.

The Carbon Cycle 3 I.Introduction: Changes to Global C Cycle (Ch. 15) II.C-cycle overview: pools & fluxes (Ch. 6) III. Controls on GPP (Ch. 5) IV.Controls.

The Flow of Energy: Primary Production

BIOL 4120: Principles of Ecology Lecture 18: Ecosystem Ecology (Energy in the Ecosystem) Dafeng Hui Office: Harned Hall 320 Phone:

Production Please do not use the images in these PowerPoint slides without permission. Wikipedia “Maize” page; accessed 6-XI-2014 [By en:User:Pratheepps.

Ecosystem Production Objectives  Describe the concept of the ecosystem  Relate the laws of thermodynamics to ecology  Define the types of ecological.

Chapter 54 Reading Quiz 1.Which trophic level ultimately supports all of the others? 2.What 2 things limit primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems?

The Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles

Ch Define Ch. 55 Terms: Autotroph Heterotroph Detritivore

Ecosystem Energetics Limits on primary production Relationship between primary and secondary productivity Trophic efficiency Nutrient Cycles.

Chapter 5 The Biosphere: The Carbon Cycle of Terrestrial Ecosystems

ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION +How do we define ecosystem structure +Importance of ecosystem structure +Factors controlling ecosystem structure +Drivers.

Plant Ecology - Chapter 14 Ecosystem Processes. Ecosystem Ecology Focus on what regulates pools (quantities stored) and fluxes (flows) of materials and.

Summary of Research on Climate Change Feedbacks in the Arctic Erica Betts April 01, 2008.

Ecosystem ecology studies the flow of energy and materials through organisms and the physical environment as an integrated system. a population reproduction.

1 Remote Sensing and Image Processing: 9 Dr. Hassan J. Eghbali.

Chapter 54 Ecosystems. Ecosystem: Overview An ecosystem consists of –All the organisms living in a community – all the abiotic factors with which they.

BIOME-BGC estimates fluxes and storage of energy, water, carbon, and nitrogen for the vegetation and soil components of terrestrial ecosystems. Model algorithms.

OUR Ecological Footprint The hierarchical nature and processes of different levels of ecological systems:

The impacts of land mosaics and human activity on ecosystem productivity Jeanette Eckert.

Translation to the New TCO Panel Beverly Law Prof. Global Change Forest Science Science Chair, AmeriFlux Network Oregon State University.

1 UIUC ATMOS 397G Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change Lecture 10: Carbon Cycle Don Wuebbles Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois,

Ecosystems. Ecosystem Ecology Ecosystem ecology is the study of how energy and materials are used in natural systems.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc Sun Heat Primary producers Primary consumers Detritus Secondary and tertiary consumers Microorganisms and other.

Investigating the Carbon Cycle in Terrestrial Ecosystems (ICCTE) Scott Ollinger * -PI, Jana Albrecktova †, Bobby Braswell *, Rita Freuder *, Mary Martin.

Investigating the Carbon Cycle in Terrestrial Ecosystems (ICCTE) A joint program between: The University of New Hampshire, USA AND Charles University,

300 Years of NEP Caused By Land Use, CO 2 Fertilization and Climate Change According to LM3 Shevliakova, Malyshev, Hurtt and Pacala.

Controls on tropical forest CO 2 and energy exchange Michael L Goulden, Scott D Miller, Humberto da Rocha, Chris Doughty, Helber Freitas, Adelaine Michela.

Landscape-level (Eddy Covariance) Measurement of CO 2 and Other Fluxes Measuring Components of Solar Radiation Close-up of Eddy Covariance Flux Sensors.

Chapter 6 The Carbon Cycle © 2013 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. From Fundamentals of Ecosystem Science, Weathers, Strayer, and Likens (eds).

Chapter 2 Primary Production: The Foundation of Ecosystems © 2013 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. From Fundamentals of Ecosystem Science, Weathers,

1 UIUC ATMOS 397G Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change Lecture 18: Nitrogen Cycle Don Wuebbles Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois,

Ecosystem Productivity and Soils. Energy Pyramid.

ECOSYSTEMS All of the organisms living in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact. “global ecosystem” Energy flows Nutrients cycle.

Ecosystem all the organisms living in a community, ___ _______________.

1 Ecosystems Chapter 54. What you need to know How energy flows through the ecosystem The difference between gross primary productivity and net primary.

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

Global Carbon Budget. Global Carbon Budget of the carbon dioxide emitted from anthropogenic sources) -Natural sinks of carbon dioxide are the land.

6.3 Ecosystems Ecosystems

The Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles

CH19: Carbon Sinks and Sources

CH19: Carbon Sinks and Sources

Ch. 41 Warm-Up Define Ch. 42 Terms:

Chapter 42: Ecosystems and Energy

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Chapter 55: Ecosystems.

Ch. 54 Warm-Up Define Ch. 54 Terms:

Ch. 41 Warm-Up Define Ch. 42 Terms:

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

The carbon cycle in the Amazon.

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

Chapter 42: Ecosystems and Energy

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

Chapter 42: Ecosystems and Energy

Presentation transcript:

Primary Production in Terrestrial Systems Fundamentals of Ecosystem Ecology Class Cary Institute January 2013 Gary Lovett

Equations and Definitions 1.Net Primary Production = Net C fixation by autotrophs 2.NPP = GPP – R a 3.NPP =  Biomass + Consumption + Detritus + Exudates

CO 2 GPP NPP Detritus and exudates Not decomposed Organic C export Accumulation in sediments or soil Consumers RaRa Decomposers RhRh Accumulation in biomass NEP (R e = R a + R h ) Oxidation (Fire or UV) Organic C import Components of Productivity

Measurement of Productivity in Terrestrial Ecosystems  Usually by measurement of fates of C Accumulation in biomass  Diameter growth/ allometric equations in forests (usually over several years)  Harvest in grasslands (usually annually) Detritus Herbivory Other fates of carbon  Aboveground vs. belowground

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) = (NIR – VIS) / (NIR + VIS)

NPP using remote sensing of nitrogen plus a productivity model From Ollinger and Smith Ecosystems 2005

Typical NPP values (g C/m 2 /y) Desert, poor tundra0-100 Grassland, shrubland Temperate forest Tropical forest Wetland, sugar cane, rice>1000 Note: Sometimes expressed in biomass units (g dry mass), equal to roughly carbon x 2

From E.A. Schuur. Ecology NPP (Mg C/ha/y) Global Patterns of NPP

From Vitousek 2004 Ky (kiloyears) refers to age of geological substrate on these Hawaiian Islands C = Control, N = N addition, P = P addition, NP = N+P addition Nutrient Limitation in Forests Switch in limitation over time Liebig’s Law of the Minimum and multiple limitation

Different sites across the Great Plains Different years at one site in CO From Lauenroth and Sala Variation in ANPP in Grasslands

Equations and Definitions 1.Net Primary Production = Net C fixation by autotrophs 2.NPP = GPP – R a 3.NPP =  Biomass + Consumption + Detritus + Exudates 4.Net Ecosystem Production is the net carbon exchange with the atmosphere 5.NEP= GPP - R e = GPP - R a – R h = NPP – R h 6.R e = R a + R h 7.NEP= organic C accumulation in ecosystem (biomass, soils/sediments, detritus) + net export of organic C

CO 2 GPP NPP Detritus and exudates Not decomposed Organic C export Accumulation in sediments or soil Consumers RaRa Decomposers RhRh Accumulation in biomass NEP (R e = R a + R h ) Oxidation (Fire or UV) Organic C import Components of Productivity

Eddy Covariance Requires: homogeneous surface, tower above the canopy, fast response sensors for wind and CO2 Measures: Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) What does this represent? Net flux of CO2 = Downward flux – upward flux

LiCor 6400 Portable Photosynthesis System Measures: Net photosynthesis of leaves How do you scale up?

Evolving knowledge: How does increasing N deposition affect C storage in forests? 1990s: Global models assumed N fertilization of tree growth, leading to enhanced C storage (e.g. ~ 2 Pg C/yr, Holland et al. 1997) 1999: Nadelhoffer et al summarized 15 N addition studies in Europe and NA, showed most 15 N stored in soils (low C:N) rather than in wood (high C:N). Global C sink estimated at 0.25 Pg C/y. 2000s: Multiple papers and reviews showing that N addition increases soil C storage by decreasing decomposition and soil CO2 release 2007: Magnani et al reported eddy covariance /modeling at multiple sites in Europe/NA. Strong relationship between N deposition and tree growth and C storage, dC/dN> : DeVries, Sutton, others: Criticism of Magnani et al in literature. dC/dN too high. 2008: Hyvonen et al, Devries et al: Experimental N additions in European forests show dC/dN of ~ for trees and for soil. 2010: Thomas et al. show statistical relationship between N deposition and tree growth in Northeastern US, varies by tree species, dC/dN=61, global N-induced C sink = 0.31 Pg C/y.