The Integumentary System A. Skin 1. Anatomy 1. Anatomy 2. Physiology 2. Physiology 3. Epidermis 3. Epidermis 4. Dermis 4. Dermis B. Glands B. Glands 1.

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The Integumentary System A. Skin 1. Anatomy 1. Anatomy 2. Physiology 2. Physiology 3. Epidermis 3. Epidermis 4. Dermis 4. Dermis B. Glands B. Glands 1. Sebaceous (oil) glands 1. Sebaceous (oil) glands 2. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands 2. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands a. Eccrine a. Eccrine b. Apocrine b. Apocrine C. Thermoregulation: C. Thermoregulation: homeostasis of body temperature homeostasis of body temperature

Cells Tissues Organs System Integumentary System- Skin, hair, nails, glands, and enamel of teeth

Integumentary System 1. epidermis 2. dermis 3. derivatives _______________ 4. hypodermis

Skin Has 7 Functions 1. regulation of body temperature 2. protection 3. sensation 4. excretion 5. immunity 6. blood reservoir 7. synthesis of vitamin D

Epidermis 1. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium 2. four main cell types: a. keratinocytes (90%) a. keratinocytes (90%) b. melanocytes (about 8%) b. melanocytes (about 8%) c. Langerhans cells (1%) c. Langerhans cells (1%) d. Merkel cells (1%) d. Merkel cells (1%)

Epidermal Layers 1. stratum basale 2. stratum spinosum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum lucidum 5. stratum corneum ___________________ keratinizing system Thick Skin

Keratinizing System Mitotic zone-keratinocyte stem Cells, melanocytes and Merkel cells rows-derived from Keratinocytes below- receive Melanin. 3-5 rows-begin producing keratohyalin 3-5 rows of clear, dead cells packed With eleidin-keratin intermediate rows of fat dead cells filled with keratin Keratin gives skin a waterproof, anti-microbial, and abrasion-resistant barrier Thick skin only

EPIDERMAL LAYERS (the keratinizing system) exfoliation keratin eleidin keratohyalin thick skin stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basalemitosis keratinization cell death dermis

The House Dust Mite- Dermatophagoides

Dermis 1. papillary 2. reticular ____________functions Loose areolar tissue Dense irregular Elasticity, Extensibility, And Thermoregulation

Skin Glands (eccrine) Axillary region, pubic, breasts, Beards in men. Viscous milky Fluid-no odor Sebum Secretion Combines with Sweat forms Acid mantle Most Common 90% water Thermo- regulation 1.Sebaceous (oil) glands 2. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands a. merocrine (eccrine) b. apocrine

Protective Functions of the Epidermis 1. acid mantle 2. role of keratin 3. role of the stratum corneum 4. role of the stratum granulosum

Thermoregulation 1. homeotherms vs poikilotherms 2. arterio-venous (AV) plexuses AV plexus

BODY TEMPERATURE CONTROL CONTROLLED CONDITION A stimulus or stress disrupts homeostasis by causing an increase in body temperature RECEPTOR Thermoreceptors in skin and hypothalamus are activated and send nerve impulses to the control center CONTROL CENTER Hypothalamic control center sends nerve impulses to sweat glands and skin blood vessels EFFECTORS 1.Increased sweat output 2.blood vessels vasodilate, bringing heat to body surface end RETURN TO HOMEOSTASIS Evaporation of sweat from skin removes body heat, thus lowering body temperature and mechanism turns off negative feedback

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