BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 Connecting Bucks with the Cosmos: Six Policy Questions for the New Fiscal Year Joel Parriott Office of Management and Budget

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 #1: What is the nature of the Executive Office of the President? Office of the Vice President* Chief of Staff* Council of Economic Advisers Council on Environmental Quality Domestic Policy Council National Economic Council National Security Council Office of Homeland Security Office of Management and Budget* Office of National Drug Control Policy* Office of Science & Technology Policy Office of the United States Trade Representative* * Cabinet rank members EXOP includes:

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 OMB Structure Political Director & Deputy Directors Program Associate Directors –Run the RMOs (next slide) Career Division Associate Directors Branch Chiefs Program Examiners There are also important statutory & support offices.

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 OMB Resource Management Office Jurisdiction Natural Resource Programs –DOE, NASA, NSF, USDA, EPA Human Resource Programs –NIH, DoEd General Government Programs –DHS, NOAA, NIST National Security Programs –DOD, NNSA

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 #2: How is the President’s Budget sausage made each year? Agency internal reviews: March-August OMB sends guidance to agencies: May/June Agencies brief OMB: September-October OMB internal reviews: October-November OMB response (“passback”): Thanksgiving Appeal and settling process: Early December- Early January Budget numbers & text locked: January Budget sent to Congress: Early February

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 #3: Are there different colors of money? OSTP’s Mike Holland (as quoted in Science): “It helps to think of the government as an insurance company with an army.”

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 Federal 2004 Budget ($2.2 Trillion in Outlays) Federal S&T: $60 billion (~15%) Homeland Security

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 #4: What are the Administration’s priorities for the 2004 Budget? Making our people safe Strengthening our economy

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/ Baseline Economic Growth Package Defense and Homeland Security Medicare The Unwelcome Return of Deficits Surplus(+)/Deficit(-) in billions of dollars Education Veterans Homeownership Global AIDS Initiative Health Care for the Uninsured Other Priorities NB: Does not include $79 billion Supplemental Bill for War on Terrorism

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 The 2004 Budget Increase Reflects the Nation’s Priorities Percentage growth requests Budget Total (Discretionary) Family Income Homeland Security Veterans Affairs Education EPA Operating Program State & Int'l Assistance Nat'l Science Foundation Defense Millennium Challenge Account Global AIDS Foreign Military Diplomatic & Consular Famine Other

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 The Big Five Percent Change in S&T Budgets Defense

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 #5: What about the “M” in OMB? From Examiner Training Materials: “The fact that [a program] ‘serves’ a ‘needy’ population is immaterial to you, if the service is not effective, is not adequately or efficiently provided, or is not worth the investment.”

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 “Government should be results- oriented—guided not by process but by performance.” – George W. Bush Most sweeping assessment of federal programs programs ($494 billion) 20% of programs to be added each year Introduced this year: Performance Rating Assessment Tool (PART) Of the 234 programs, 32 were R&D.

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 Not Just How much but How well Ratings of Sample R&D Programs

BERAC Meeting, 04/30/03 #6: Are there policy issues at exceedingly small dollar amounts? Priorities, priorities, priorities –If the science community doesn’t set them, someone else will. OSTP-OMB Guidance Memo International context Interagency cooperation