Female Reproductive System Chapter 17

Female Reproductive Overview Structures: Uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina and vulva Functions: Producing and maintaining female ova Providing and maintaining a place for the implantation and nurturing of a fertilized ovum until birth

Female Reproductive System

Uterus

Uterus Womb—pear-shaped organ in the pelvic cavity in which the embryo develops Fundus Upper portion of the uterus Endometrium Lining of the uterus Sheds approximately every 28-30 days in the nonpregnant woman

Uterus Myometrium Uterine or fallopian tubes Cervix Cervix os Muscular wall of the uterus Uterine or fallopian tubes Tubes extending from each side of the uterus towards the ovary that provide passage to the uterus Cervix Neck of the uterus Cervix os Opening of the cervix to the uterus

Displacements of the Uterus

Fibroids

Ovary One of two glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity Produces ova and female sex hormones

Ovary

Pelvic Floor Relaxation

Hysteroscopy

Breast Mammary glands Mammary papilla Two glands of the female breast capable of producing milk Mammary papilla Nipple Areola– dark pigmented area around the nipple

Breast

Biopsy

Fetus in Utero

Ectopic Pregnancy

Placenta Previa

Gynecological Diagnostic Abbr. CIN cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded to the extent of the abnormality (CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3) CIS carcinoma in situ of the cervix Malignant cell changes of the cervix that are localized without any spread to adjacent structures PID pelvic inflammatory disease Inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity usually including the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and endometrium—most often caused by a bacteria

PID

Gynecological Abbr. Pap papanicolaou smear GYN gynecology Study of cells collected from the cervix to screen for cancer and other abnormalities GYN gynecology The study of women

Gynecological Operative Abbr. D&C dilation and curettage Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium to control bleeding, obtain tissue for biopsy, or remove polyps or products of conception LEEP loop electrosurgical excision procedure LLETZ large loop excision of the transformation zone Use of electrosurgical or radio waves transformed through a loop-configured electrosurgical device to treat precancerous lesions by simultaneous excisional biopsy and treatment of affected tissue **The transformation zone is the area of the cervix where abnormal cells are most likely to form**

LEEP and LLETZ

Therapeutic Abbr. UFE uterine fibroid embolization Catheter-guided injection of embolic agents into the arteries supplying blood to fibroid tumors, blocking circulation and causing shrinkage OCP oral contraceptive pill Birth control pill IUD intrauterine device Contraceptive device inserted into the uterus that prevents implantation of the fertilized egg

IUD

Obstetrical (OB) Abbr. EDC estimated date of confinement EDD estimated date of delivery Expected date of delivery of the baby Generally 280 days or 40 weeks from conception AB abortion Removing products of conception before the fetus can live outside of the body TAB therapeutic abortion Abortion induced by medications SAB spontaneous abortion Miscarriage

Obstetrical (OB) Abbr. CPD cephalopelvic disproportion Conditions preventing normal delivery through the birth canal—either the baby’s head is too big or the birth canal is too small C-section cesarean section Surgical delivery of baby PIH pregnancy induced hypertension Increased blood pressure due to pregnancy CVS chorionic villus sampling Sampling of placental tissue for microscopic and chemical examination to detect fetal abnormalities

CVS