Chapter 21 : Kingdom Fungi Page: 527

What types of Fungi do you know? Bread Molds Mushrooms Molds on oranges Yeasts Mildews Rusts & Smuts

What are Fungi? Have both plant and animal-like characteristics Plant-like characteristics: Stationary Grow upward Have cell walls, but contain CHITIN not Cellulose The big difference is they lack Chlorophyll Animal-like Characteristics: Heterotrophic (Parasitic or Saprohytes)

How are Fungi Classified? Fungi are classified according to the way they produce spores during Sexual reproduction. Zygomycota- Zygospore Basidiomycota- Basidium Ascomycota- Ascus

Classification of Fungi Phylum: Zygomycota Phylum: Ascomycota Phylum: Basidiomycota Phylum: Deuteromycota

Phylum Zygomycota Common Name: “The Common Molds” Structures : Zygospore-> resting spore that contains zygotes Rhizoids.-> (roots)Anchor fungus to bread Stolons-> Stems that run along the surface Life Cycle: Sexual (2N zygote) Asexual (N spore) Ex. Bread Mold (Rhizopus stolonifer )

Bread Mold Life Cycle

Phylum Ascomycota “The sac Fungi” pg. 532 Largest phylum in the kingdom Fungi. (write under the phylum name) Structures: Function -Ascus (Asci) ->The Ascus is a cup like structure where sexual spores are produced. -Conidia-> Asexual spores Life Cycle: Sexual (2N zygote) Asexual (N Conidia) Ex. Yeast, Mildew, Cup Fungi.

Phylum Basidiomycota “The club fungi”pg. 534. Very diverse group of fungus. Structure: Basidium-> the club shaped reproductive structure that contains the spores Life Cycle: Sexual (2N zygote, and N basidiospores) Ex. Mushrooms and Shelf Fungi. Rusts and smuts that damage crops.

Phylum Deuteromycota “The Imperfect Fungi” pg. 536 Scientist have never been able to observe a sexual phase in their life cyle. Structure: No sexual reproductive structures found Nothing in the Function Box Life cycle: Only asexual Ex. Penicillium notatum (penicillin)

Fungi Relationships Some fungi are decomposers. Fungi are a key component in Lichens Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic algae. Helps plants by absorbing water and minerals. Helps fungus by providing energy. Lichens are often a pioneer organism in barren environments, and a good indicator of air quality. Mycorrhizae are mutualistic relationships between a fungus and plant roots.

Fungus as a parasite Athletes Foot Ringworm