1. Chapter 21 : Kingdom Fungi
Page: 527

2. Kingdom Fungi Characteristics
Stationary & Grow upward
Eukaryotic & Multicellular
Have cell walls that contain CHITIN not Cellulose
No Chlorophyll
Heterotrophic (Parasitic or Saprophytes)

3. What types of Fungi do you know?
Bread Molds
Mushrooms
Molds on oranges
Yeast
Mildew
Wheat Rust & Corn Smuts

4. Fruiting bodies above ground reproductive structure – made of hyphae.
hyphae is a long, branching filamentous structure of a fungus.
Mycelium consists of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. It is well suited to absorb food because it provides a large surface area.

5. Ecological Importance
Lichen - is a mutualistic (both organisms benefit) relationship between a fungus and algae.
Fungus provides protection, algae provides energy.
This relationship helps lichen to survive in harsh conditions.

6. Ecological Importance Continued
Mycorrhizae
is a mutualistic
relationship between
a plant and a fungus.
Fungus in the root of the plants helps to break down nutrients for absorption. Healthy lawns contain a secret ingredient: mycorrhizal fungi. Invisible to the naked eye, mycorrhizae form a mutually beneficial relationship with grass roots, stimulating lawns to grow thick and lush.
Plant provides sugars for the fungus.

7. Basic Structure of a Mushroom

8. Digestion in FUNGI Extracellular – outside a cell Saprophyte
Feeds on dead and decaying material
Excretes enzymes to break down materials, then absorbs what it needs.
Parasite
Feed on living material
Internal digestion
During extracellular digestion, food is broken down outside the cell either mechanically or with acid by special molecules called enzymes. Then the newly broken down nutrients can be absorbed by the cells nearby. ... Although fungi do not have a digestive tract like humans, they still use extracellular digestion.

9. How are Fungi Classified?
Fungi are classified according to the way they reproduce.
The 4 phylums of Fungi are:
Zygomycota
Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
Deuteromycota

10. Phylum Zygomycota Ex. Bread Mold (Rhizopus stolonifer) Structures:
Zygospore-> resting spore that contains zygotes
Rhizoids->(roots) Anchor fungus to bread
Stolon-> Stem that run along the surface of the organism

11. Bread Mold

12. Phylum Ascomycota “Sac Fungi” Ex. Yeast & Mildew
Largest phylum in the kingdom Fungi.
Type of Spores:
Ascus -> The Ascus is a cup like structure where sexual spores (asci) are produced.

13. Phylum Basidiomycota “Club fungi”
Ex. Mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts and smuts
that damage crops.
Type of spore:
Basidiospore->is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete
Fungi.

14. Phylum Deuteromycota “The Imperfect Fungi” Ex. Penicillium notatum
Type of Spores:
Only reproduce asexually, no spores.