2014 ORIGIN OF LIFE ON THE EARTH Výukový materiál MB Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

 conditions of life:  water  nutrients:  CO 2 + mineral salts for plants  organic substances for animals and fungi  heat  oxygen for aerobes ORIGIN OF LIFE ON THE EARTH

 a) creationism:  created by a supernatural being - God  b) eternism:  the life is eternal, it neither starts nor ends  panspermia > the life was brought on the Earth from other planets VIEWS ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

 c) self-creation:  living mass still develops from the non-living mass  d) gradual abiogenesis:  gradual organisation of the living mass from the non-living  this theory is the most acknowledged VIEWS ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

 the origin of life dates back in the Archean period  3,5 – 4 billion years ago  water environment was decisive  3 stages of the origination:  1) chemical development  abiogenetic period  development of organic compounds from inorganic 3 STAGES OF THE ORIGINATION

 2) biochemical development:  auto-reproduction, replicative period  development of macromolecules and nucleic acids  specialisation  so called coacervates appeared 3 STAGES OF THE ORIGINATION

 3) biological development:  cellular period  durable increasing of the coacervates  more complex and more differentiated formations  origination of primordial organisms> eobionts 3 STAGES OF THE ORIGINATION

 original organisms: monocellular  anaerobic a heterotrophic  relatively fast development of autotrophic organisms  about 3 – 305 billion years ago chemoautotrophic prokaryota appeared  they used H 2 S ( not H 2 0 ) as the source of hydrogen  ! They did not realease oxygen into the atmosphere DEVELOPMENT OF THE METABOLISM

 2,8 billion years ago photo-autotrophic prokaryota appeared (contemporary cyanophyta)  the influence of photosynthesis > O 2 cumulated in the atmosphere  O 2 enabled:  the development of aerobic organisms – 2 to 2,5 billion years ago DEVELOPMENT OF THE METABOLISM

 development of eukaryota:  endosymbiosis :  independence of mitochondria and plastids  circular DNA  the first stage of the endosymbiosis:  absorption of aerobic prokaryota by anaerobic prokaryota > mitochondria appeared  absorption of fibriformic structures > mitotic apparatus  origin of animal cell DEVELOPMENT OF THE METABOLISM

 the second stage of endosymbiosis:  absorption of photosyntetising prokaryota > chloroplasts appeared  1 billion years ago  the origin of plant cell DEVELOPMENT OF THE METABOLISM

1. Name the conditions of life on the Earth 2. What was creationism interested in? 3. Which theory is the most acknowledged nowadays? 4. Name 3 stages in the development of life on the Earth. 5. In which period did so called coacervates appear? 6. The origin of eobionts dates back in the period Original organisms were aerobic / anaerobic 8. Chemo-autotrophic prokaryota used ………… but not…….. as the source of hydrogen 9. Development of aerobic organisms proceeded….. ago 10. Mitochondria developed by so called …………… REVISION