Chapter 8  Cellular Respiration  In eating the plants, we combine the carbohydrates with oxygen dissolved in our blood because of our penchant for breathing air, and so extracting the energy that makes us go. In the process we exhale carbon dioxide, which the plants then recycle to make more carbohydrates.  -Carl Sagan ( ) It all starts here

Energy - Our body requires energy to function. - Cells take in nutrients to be used for:  Raw material.  Energy.

Cellular Respiration. - The process of using nutrients to release energy by the cell is called: cellular respiration.

Example: think back….

Nutrient Categories -Humans need six categories of nutrients:  Carbohydrates and Fiber.  Lipids  Proteins  Inorganic elements or Minerals  Vitamins  Water

Nutrient Categories  Primary energy sources: Carbohydrates and Fat  Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose.  During cellular respiration and in the presence of Oxygen glucose will be further broken down to produce

Homeostasis  Homeostasis: is the balanced internal environment of the body.  When the cells in our body do not get fuel to function the body will no longer be in homeostasis.

Two MAJOR types of respiration

Aerobic Respiration  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)

Anaerobic respiration:  In the absence of Oxygen fermentation occurs:  Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy

Comparing Aerobic respiration and fermentation Efficient 34 + ATP Inefficient 2 ATP

How to measure rate of aerobic and cellular respiration :  By:  Oxygen consumption quantitative measure

How to measure rate of aerobic and cellular respiration:  Carbon dioxide production  qualitative measure

The rate of respiration depends on:  Temperature of the environment: Rate increase with high and low temperature  Rate of activity: rate of respiration increases with the increase of activity level.

Mitochondria:  Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria.  Transfer of electrons from the carbon of glucose to oxygen and the formation of water will take place inside of this organelle.

Cellular respiration takes place in animal and plant cells to produce ATP.

Hazards and Waste

Formal Lab Report Using unit 8:  Results  Discussion  Literature Cited

Formal Lab Report  Your assignment Form a scientifically interesting hypothesis about: Ex 8.2 CO2 production in plant embryos (Qualitative Measurement) 

Formal Lab Report Title - should include exactly what you studied. 5 Introduction- should identify what you studied and provide relevant background information. The introduction must end with your hypothesis. 15 Materials and Methods - describe how and when you did your work, including ALL equipment, methods of gathering and analyzing data. 10 Results - observations and data with no interpretations or conclusions. You must include at least one typed table or graph along with your daily growth records. 20 Discussion - explain what you think your data means. Describe patterns and relationships that emerged. 20 References or Literature cited - references must be cited using MLA format and you must have at least one reference. 15 Neatness All aspects of this report must be typed. No handwritten graphs/tables/charts will be accepted. 15