Bacteria Quick Fact – Used to be in the Kingdom Monera – 1 kingdom, now they are in 2 separate kingdoms and 2 separate domains. Remember: New discoveries in science lead to new conclusions – science always changes.

General Bacteria Facts 3 basic shapes –Coccus –Bacillus –Spirillus 3 basic arrangements –Strepto –Staphylo –Diplo 2 main types based on a staining technique –Gram Positive – stain purple - PEPTIDOGLYCAN –Gram Negative – stain pink – NO Peptidoglycan

Shapes of Bacteria

Arrangement of Bacteria

Name the Bacteria Below

Gram Positive vs. Gram Negative

Bacteria In Love 3 ways to Reproduce –Conjugation Sexual – 2 bacteria swap DNA –Binary Fission Asexual – like cell division –Endospore Self-preservation – bacteria cell goes into a state of dormancy (no movement, no metabolism) – when conditions are ideal, the bacteria will come out of its dormancy

How do bacteria move? Cilia Flagella Stationary Some move by gliding or spiraling

Bacteria and Energy Photoheterotrophs – can make their own food with light, but also can ingest food around them Chemoautotrophs – absorb the chemicals around them to make their own energy/ food –Bacteria that are used to clean up oil spills Heterotrophs – get food from their surroundings Photoautotrophs – make their own food via photosynthesis

Bacteria and their Environment Obligate Aerobe – must have oxygen and cannot live in an anaerobic environment Obligate Anaerobe – does not metabolize oxygen and cannot live in an aerobic environment Facultative Anaerobe – depends on oxygen, but can live in an non-oxygenated environment by switching to fermentation

Good and Bad Decomposers Nitrogen Fixation Fermentation to create Sourdough Bread, Pickles, Cheeses Clean up oil spills Sewage disposal Botox Breaking down metals – gold mining Cause many diseases –Strep Throat –Pneumonia –Salmonella Poisoning –Botulism – improperly canned vegetables –E.Coli Poisoning –Anthrax –Bubonic Plague

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algea) Gave rise to modern-day algae – which is in the Kingdom Protista Endosymbiotic Theory – says this is where the chloroplast and eukaryotic algae came from

Kingdom Eubacteria Streptococcus pyogenes Escheria coli

Kingdom Eubacteria Domain Bacteria Prokaryote Cell wall, peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotrophic & heterotrophic Can be the cause of many different diseases

Kingdom Archaebacteria ma/lecture_6/ Halophile (salt lover) Methanogen /astrobio html

Kingdom Archaebacteria Domain Archaea Prokaryote Cell wall, no peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotrophic & Heterotrophic Known as Extremophiles – live in harsh conditions Earliest organisms to have lived

Extremophiles Halophiles – Salt Lake, UT Thermophiles – found in thermal vents in the oceans Thermoacidophiles – found in Old Faithful geisers Psychrophiles – very cold areas