National Ambient Air Quality Standards and Current Status of Air Quality Laura Boothe North Carolina Division of Air Quality MCIC Workshops March 2012

Current Schedule for NAAQS 2 Recent Changes NO 2 Primary SO 2 Primary NOx/SOx Secondary CO Latest Standard Next Revisions LeadOzonePM 2.5 Latest Standard Next Review

Lead Standard On November 12, 2008, EPA strengthened the NAAQS for lead to 0.15 μ g/m 3 ◦ This was a 90% reduction in the level of the previous standard of 1.5 μg /m 3 EPA has changed the lead monitoring network requirements to ensure monitors are assessing air quality in areas that might violate the new standard. 3

Lead Standard Changes to the monitoring requirements ◦ Establish population based lead monitoring in the large urban areas with NCORE monitoring sites (Raleigh & Charlotte)  Monitoring started late December 2011 ◦ Change the 1.0 ton/year lead source based monitoring threshold to 0.5 ton/year  NCDAQ received waivers for sources EPA has identified as ≥ 0.5 ton/year based on modeling 4

Lead Standard EPA designated areas in November 2011, with an effective date of Dec. 31, 2011 ◦ All of NC was designated unclassifiable/attainment Do not expect any impact on North Carolina’s current industry ◦ Sources that emit ≥ 0.5 tons/year in the future may have to monitor for lead. 5

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Standards Primary Standard strengthened on January 22, 2010 ◦ New 1-hour NO 2 standard at 100 parts per billion (ppb); and ◦ Retained the annual average NO 2 standard of 53 ppb Secondary Standard retained on March 21, 2012 ◦ 53 ppb annual average 6

NO 2 Primary Standard EPA designated areas in Feb. 2012, with effective date of Feb. 29, 2012 ◦ All areas in NC designated unclassifiable/attainment at the township level There may be another round of designations once there are 3 years of data from road-side monitors 7

NO 2 Primary Standard Current Impact on Industry ◦ NC has established a SIL by policy memo (10 μg/m 3 ) until EPA establishes a national SIL ◦ Affects PSD applications  If source can comply with NC’s SIL, then can proceed with permitting  If source cannot comply with SIL, then full modeling required  Most sources have problems demonstrating compliance with NO 2 standard with full modeling 8

Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Standards Primary standard strengthened on June 2, 2010 ◦ New 1-hour SO 2 standard of 75 ppb ◦ Revoked existing annual and 24-hour primary SO 2 standards for areas currently attaining these standards Secondary standard retained on March 21, 2012 ◦ 500 ppb averaged over 3 hours 9

SO 2 Primary Standard Current SO 2 design values County Design Values Beaufort33 ppb27 ppb Forsyth37 ppb14 ppb Mecklenburg61 ppb20 ppb New Hanover107 ppb89 ppb Wake17 ppb14 ppb

SO 2 Primary Standard NC recommendation submitted June 2011 ◦ Requested a deferral until the end of 2012 ◦ If deferral not granted then recommended a small area in New Hanover County be designated nonattainment

SO 2 Primary Standard

Designations on existing monitors was expected to be in June 2012 ◦ Have not heard from EPA yet on our recommendation ◦ EPA needs to notify states 120 days prior to making designations if they disagree with states’ recommendation

SO 2 Primary Standard Current Impacts on Industry ◦ North Carolina has established a SIL (10 μ g/m 3 ) by policy memo for SO 2 ◦ Affects PSD applications ◦ EPA described an approach for implementing the new 1-hour standard using monitoring & refined dispersion modeling of SO 2 sources to determine compliance  Still waiting on the final modeling guidance from EPA 14

SO 2 Primary Standard Other Impacts For Areas Designated Nonattainment ◦ Nonattainment New Source Review ◦ Potential requirements for reductions in SO 2 based on modeling ◦ General Conformity 15

1997 Ozone Standard All areas in North Carolina are attaining the 1997 standard ◦ NCDAQ submitted a redesignation request for the Charlotte/Gastonia region in November 2011 ◦ Redesignation being held up until Reasonable Available Control Technology (RACT) rule revised 16

1997 Ozone Standard Clean Air Act required RACT determinations for all sources subject to control technique guidelines (CTGs) ◦ NC rule only required determinations for sources with potential emissions ≥ 100 tons/year Rule being developed regarding VOC CTGs applicability ◦ Will have requirement as a contingency measure to be considered ◦ Timing with redesignation request approval critical 17

2008 Ozone Standard Primary and Secondary standards set at 75 ppb ◦ Was under reconsideration, so implementation was delayed ◦ Sept it was decided not to reconsider the standard EPA gave states the opportunity to revise their boundary recommendations that were submitted in

2008 Ozone Standard Only the Charlotte-Gastonia- Salisbury area violating the standard Revised boundary recommendation submitted February 29, 2012 EPA under consent decree to designate areas no later than May 2012.

2008 Ozone Standard

Impacts to Industry For Areas Designated Nonattainment ◦ Nonattainment New Source Review  100 ton per year new sources  40 tons per year modifications  Emissions offsets >1:1 ◦ Reasonably Available Control Measures ◦ Potentially additional reductions in NOx emissions to demonstrate attainment ◦ General Conformity 21

CO Standard August 2011 EPA retained the existing CO NAAQS ◦ 1-hour standard of 35 ppm ◦ 8-hour standard of 9 ppm. NC has been attaining both standards since 1991 No additional impacts to industry expected regarding this standard 22

PM 2.5 Standards Existing Standards ◦ 1997 Annual standard 15 μ g/m3 ◦ hour standard 35 μ g/m3 NC attaining both standards ◦ Both the Hickory & Triad areas were redesignated to attainment/ maintenance effective December 2011 No additional impacts to industry expected regarding these standards 23

PM 2.5 Standard Standards being reviewed ◦ Mid expect final standard Final Risk Assessment released March 2010 ◦ Considers revising annual standard between 10 – 13 μ g/m 3 ◦ Considers revising daily standard between 25 – 35 μ g/m 3 24

PM 2.5 Standards Based on data ◦ Daily standard design values  All below 25 μ g/m 3 ◦ Annual standard design values  Highest value is 11.2 μ g/m 3 Designations would be based on data

Annual PM 2.5 Design Values

QUESTIONS? Laura Boothe Attainment Planning Branch Supervisor Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Air Quality (919)