Twinning water quality modelling in Latvia Helene Ejhed

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Models basics choice  Model purpose  Model components  Resolution  Data requirements  Time and cost  Test a couple of models

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Models choice Monitoring pressure state impact Modeling pressure state impact response

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Freeware vs commercial -aspects  Access  Support  Developments  Modules - Package  Cost

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Identified concerns  Eutrophication  Dangerous substances

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Hydrology models  The HBV model (Bergström, 1976 and 1995; Lindström et al., 1997) –is a conceptual, continuos, dynamic and distributed rainfall- runoff model. It provides daily values of spatial precipitation, snow accumulation and melt, soil moisture, groundwater level, and finally,runoff from every sub-basin, and routing through rivers and lakes. The model is calibrated and validated against observed time-series. –included in TRK –widely used  SCS (Soil Concervation Service) model –calculates using flow transport factors dependent on landuse and soil type which gives a "Curve number". Snow routine and monitored baseflow can be added. Daily data. –included in SWAT and others for surface runoff –simple model

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Models of Eutrophication  Purpose – to present good description of source apportionment (pressure) with resonable resolution to be able to give national overview of programmes of measures.  Complexity of models –Data requirements –User requirements –Parameter sensitivity complex physical based model

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Models systems Eutrophication  ex. TRK used on national scale in Sweden – system of models in different modules: –HBV hydrology –SOILNDB N agricultural release –ICECREAM P agricultural release –HBV-NP retention –Point source calculations –Source apportionment system  ex. SWAT or INCA or Fyriså model or... - model package  ex. MIKESHE or CE-W2_QUAL - model package

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Eutrophication Model systems - details  CE-QUAL-W2 is a two- dimensional water quality and hydrodynamic code  MIKESHE  Both have a detailed grid description of the catchment.  Detailed description of hydrology and retention in streams and lakes

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Eutrophication Model systems – TRK N and P  Semidistributed description of the subcatchment  Detailed description of the agricultural process  Simple description of other diffuse sources  Detailed description of point sources on subcatchment  Description of hydrology  Decsription of retention  Applied on national scale in Sweden

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Eutrophication Model systems – TRK N and P Data requirements  General TRK: –Land cover data, soil texture data, Soil USDA class data, crop area, phosphorus soil data, livestock density, runoff data from HBV, N deposition, leaching data from SOILNDB for arable land and leaching average data from long-term measurements regarding other land-use, point source position and discharge data, percentage of separate sewer for paved surfaces, rural household position and discharge, retention in %from HBV-N. Data are compiled at subcatchment level.  SOILNDB: –meteorological data, average soil organic matter, crop management and yield, N fertilisation and manuring, N fixation rates in ley, deposition rates, non-existent crop sequence combinations.

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Eutrophication Model systems – TRK N and P Data requirements continued  HBV: subbasin division and coupling, altitude distribution, time-series of precipitation and temperature (time-series of observed water discharge at some site).  HBV-NP: results from HBV,SOILNDB and ICECREAMDB, crop and soil distribution, leaching concentrations from other land use, location and emissions from point sources and rural households, lake depths and atmospheric N deposition (time-series of observed riverine N concentrations in some site).

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Eutrophication Model systems – TRK N and P Data requirements continued ICECREAM – P agricultural model requires phosphorous in soil,

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Eutrophication Model systems –SWAT  SWAT is a continuous time model that operates on a daily time step at basin scale. The objective of such a model is to predict the long-term impacts in large basins of management and also timing of agricultural practices within a year (i.e., crop rotations, planting and harvest dates, irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide application rates and timing).  Model system package  Detailed description of the landuse  Data requirement heavy  User requirement heavy

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Eutrophication Model systems –INCA-P  for assessing the effects of multiple sources of phosphorus on the water quality and aquatic ecology in heterogeneous river systems. The Integrated catchments model for Phosphorus (INCA-P) is a process-based, mass balance model that simulates the phosphorus dynamics in both the plant/soil system and the stream.  model system package

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Eutrophication Model - INCA

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Eutrophication Model tests  To be performed in Jelgava by Agricultural university in Latvia using Fyriså model, and SOILNDB and ICECREAM 2007 – low financing  Comparison of HBV-NP, Fyriså model, conceptual models with process based models in lake Vänern in Sweden published in 2004 – similar performance in model  Fyriså model based on monthly based data.  Communicate with the above project  Start by applying the TRK and SWAT  Then test MIKESHE  Data requirements will decide usefulness

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date]

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Dangerous substances Models and processes  Desiscion support system – SOCOPSE.se  Recommendation of process  Chemical fate modeling – fugacity approach  Screening monitoring  MFA (Material Flow analysis) and LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)  QSAR modeling – for new substances

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Toxic pressure Biota Transport Processes and the use of Models Occurrence and distribution of chemicals in different media

[Title] [Lecturer], [Date] Dangerous substances Models and processes - QSAR  QSAR model is a relation between chemical structure and a property of the chemical compound. The features of a chemical structure are captured by so called chemical descriptors that can be of a number of different types.