1. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology WFD-Monitoring in Denmark NOVANA Brian Kronvang NERI

2. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology WFD-monitoring set new standards for a holistic interdiciplinary programme River chemistry River hydrology River morphology River biology River Ecology

3. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Surveillance monitoring Surveillance monitoring shall provide information for supplementing and establishment of: Reference conditions in streams and rivers, Design of future monitoring programmes, Assessment of long-term trends in natural conditions, Assessment of long-term trends resulting from widespread anthropogenic activities. The Danish River Monitoring Programme shall fulfil the requirements of: National Administrative Requirements Other EU Directives Other International Requirements (eg. HELCOM, OSPAR)

4. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Operational Monitoring (regional) Additional monitoring points shall be selected for streams and rivers not fulfilling the objective of a good ecological quality as follows: pressures from point source(s); pressures from diffuse anthropogenic sources; significant hydromorphological pressures. An initial analysis of pressures and ecological impacts in Danish streams and rivers will be conducted catchment by catchment to investigate the needs for further Operational Monitoring Points being situated: Downstream major urban areas with or without sewage treatment plants; Downstream major industrial plants; Other point sources (oil treatment facilities, mining, fish ponds, etc.); Integrated monitoring in agricultural catchments.

5. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Investigative monitoring Investigative monitoring shall be carried out where: the reason for any exceedance is unknown surveillance monitoring indicates that the ecological objectives set are not likely to be met the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution is not known Examples could be:  Accidental discharges from Nuclear Power Plants, oil refineries, etc.  Sudden changes in the ecological state in a river shown by the biota in order to clarify the reason(s)  Investigation of nutrient fluxes in agricultural catchments

6. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Perspectives A very strict timetable exists for the implementation of EU’s Water Framework Directive regarding : River Typology (December 2004) Pressure - Impact Analysis (December 2004) Establishment of Reference Conditions (December 2004) Establishment of WFD Monitoring Programme (December 2006)

7. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Surveillance and Operational Monitoring of Streams in Denmark NOVANA Danish Aquatic Monitoring Programme 2004-

8. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology The stream and river network Surveillance Monitoring

9. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Extensive Ecological monitoring The ecological quality in streams 800 stream stations once every 6 years 680 impacted stations 120 reference stations A sub-set of 250 stations every 3 years Sampled once Macroinvertebrates (DVFI) Macrophytes Fish Plants on riparian areas Stream physical description Hydrological regime Organic matter, nutrients and macro-ions

10. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology The stream and river network Surveillance Monitoring

11. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Monitoring of hydrology, nutrients, organic matter and acidification A total of 180 stream stations with fortnightly sampling 110 river ‘mouth’ stations for loading to sea 9 reference catchments 75 mostly agricultural catchments 5 larger streams with organic and inorganic micro-pollutants (pesticides, heavy metals, PAH’s, PCB,s, etc.

12. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Intensive Ecological Monitoring The ecological quality in streams and riparian areas Operational Monitoring 50 stream stations once every year Sampled once during each year Description of land use in riparian areas C/N/P in riparian soils Macroinvertebrates (DVFI) Macrophytes (permanent transects) Fish Plants on riparian areas Extended stream physical description Hydrological regime Organic matter, nutrients and macro-ions

13. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Monitoring of Lakes Surveillance and Operational Monitoring NOVANA Danish Aquatic Monitoring Programme 2004-

14. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Lake monitoring 23 larger lakes (>5 ha) intensively sampled 12-26 times every year. 240 larger lakes (>5 ha) sampled in a 3 year rotation (80 lakes every year) monthly in summer period. 480 small lakes (0.1-5 ha) sampled in a 6 year rotation (80 lakes every year) monthly in summer period. 480 ponds (0.01-0.1 ha) in a 6 year rotation (80 ponds every year) with 1 sample per year.

15. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Monitoring of Groundwater Surveillance Monitoring NOVANA Danish Aquatic Monitoring Programme 2004-

16. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Groundwater monitoring 70 GRUMO areas in different parts of Denmark each having on average of 20 wells in younger and deeper groundwater reservoirs. Sampling every 6 year in old groundwater reservoirs Every 1-2 year in younger groundwater

17. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Groundwater monitoring Age (CFC-gas dating) Nutrients Macro-ions Pesticides and metabolites Inorganic trace metals Organic micro-pollutants (PAH, phenols, detergents,etc.)

18. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Monitoring of Agricultural catchments - investigative monitoring NOVANA Danish Aquatic Monitoring Programme 2004-

19. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Six representive micro- catchments Questionnaire of farmers behaviour on the field level every year (6 catchments) Soil water stations (6-8 fields in each catchments with 10 suction cups in 1 m depth - weekly sampling in runoff period) Subsurface tile drainage water stations (1-4 stations in 3 catchments - point sampling and flow-proportional sampling) Groundwater stations (20 wells per catchment in 1½-5 m depth and a few deeper wells). One stream station per catchment (fortnightly point sampling and flow- proportional fortnightly composite sampling). Modelling of nitrogen leaching applying the DAISY model. Modelling of catchment hydrology and nitrogen dynamics (3 catchments).

20. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Variables included Climatic and hydrologic variables at all stations Nitrogen fractions at all stations Phosphorus fractions at all stations Pesticides in groundwater wells Other micro-pollutants as heavy metals, PAH’s, PCB’s, etc.

21. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Future needs - 1 Conduct a linked pressure/impact analysis for sub-basins in Lithuania based on the existing monitoring data and collected data on point source emissions, land use, agricultural Select the future river surveillance monitoring stations. Select the future river operational monitoring stations. Defining and digitising catchment boundaries for RBD’s, sub- basins and monitoring stations. Optimising sampling strategies and development of final sampling and analytical protocols.

22. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Pressure - Impact analysis Catchment by catchment Point source pollution Assessment of expected hydro- morphological, chemical and biological quality Catchment analysis Monitoring Land-use River morphology Non-point source pollution Water Abstractions River Basin Management Plans Implementation of measures

23. National Environmental Research Institute Department of Freshwater Ecology Future needs - 2 Identification of potential reference sites. Develop “models” to predict reference conditions as the observed deviation from the expected biological reference characteristics is used to express ecological quality at a given stream site as a ratio between 0 and 1. Calibrating existing biological indices to Lithuanian conditions. Development of regional monitoring activities to support local decision-makers and to validate that the RMP is representative.