1. Surface Water Simulation Group

2. Comprehensive watershed scale model developed and supported by the USDA-ARS capable of simulating surface and groundwater hydrology under different management practices in hydrologically complex watersheds.

3. Applications US-EPA BASINS  Multipurpose Environmental Analysis System for Performing Watershed and Water Quality Studies  System for Supporting Development of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL’s).  SWAT Included in Basins 3.0

4. Applications  Assessment of CAFOs on Water Quality  Hydrologic and Water Quality Impacts resulting from Land Use Change within Watersheds  Assessing Impact of Climate Change

5. SWAT Watershed System Channel/Flood Plain Processes

6. Cells Subwatersheds Hydrologic Response Units Output from other Models - EPIC, SWAT Point Sources - Treatment Plants Possible Configurations

7. SWAT Strengths Upland Processes  Comprehensive Hydrologic Balance  Physically-Based Inputs  Plant Growth – Rotations, Crop Yields  Nutrient Cycling in Soil  Land Management - BMP Tillage, Irrigation, Fertilizer, Pesticides, Grazing, Rotations, Subsurface Drainage, Urban-Lawn Chemicals, Street Sweeping

8. Continuous Time Daily Time Step (Sub-hourly) One Day to Hundreds of Years Readily available input – Physically based Distributed Parameter Unlimited Number of Subwatersheds Comprehensive – Process Interactions Simulate Management General Description

9. Root Zone Shallow Aquifer Unsaturated Zone Confining Layer Deep Aquifer Precipitation Evaporation and Transpiration Infiltration/plant uptake/ Soil moisture redistribution Surface Runoff Lateral Flow Return Flow Revap from shallow aquifer Percolation to shallow aquifer Recharge to deep aquifer Flow out of watershed Hydrologic Balance

10. Surface Water Modeling Group Project Objectives Develop a methodology to simulate the surface water hydrology and percolation below the rooting zone of multiple combinations of land, soils, management practices, and climatic conditions across Michigan in support of the IWBA DSS. Develop a methodology to simulate the surface water hydrology and percolation below the rooting zone of multiple combinations of land, soils, management practices, and climatic conditions across Michigan in support of the IWBA DSS. Provide a database of spatially explicit recharge values Provide a database of spatially explicit recharge values

11. Multidimensional Recharge Array Recharge Value for Recharge Value for Climate Zone 1 Climate Zone 1 Land Cover Type Soil Type Management Practice Recharge (mm/yr) % Frequency

12. Tasks Watershed Hydrology Validation Watershed Hydrology Validation Augusta Creek Augusta Creek Selection of Pertinent Land Covers / Management Practices Selection of Pertinent Land Covers / Management Practices Model Sensitivity Model Sensitivity Soil Type Soil Type Management Practices Management Practices Climate Climate Development of Recharge Value Database Development of Recharge Value Database PDF Development PDF Development

13. Watershed Validation Augusta Creek Small watershed near KBS Small watershed near KBS 38.9 mi 2 38.9 mi 2 Available data for surface water, groundwater, and ecological modeling teams Available data for surface water, groundwater, and ecological modeling teams Watershed will be used to validate modeling approaches Watershed will be used to validate modeling approaches

14. Data Requirements and Sources STATSGO Soils database STATSGO Soils database 30m MDNR land cover data (2001) 30m MDNR land cover data (2001) 30m USGS digital elevation model 30m USGS digital elevation model Climatic data (KBS – NWS station) Climatic data (KBS – NWS station) Observed surface water data (1980 – 2000) Observed surface water data (1980 – 2000) USGS gaging station on Augusta Creek USGS gaging station on Augusta Creek

15. Augusta Creek Landuse and Soil Distribution Area [ha] Area [acres] %Wat.Area Area [ha] Area [acres] %Wat.Area WATERSHED: 9662.0400 23875.3839 LANDUSE: Pasture-->PAST 3060.1836 7561.8668 31.67 Pasture-->PAST 3060.1836 7561.8668 31.67 Range-Grasses-->RNGE 650.0890 1606.4024 6.73 Range-Grasses-->RNGE 650.0890 1606.4024 6.73 Water-->WATR 90.5050 223.6423 0.94 Water-->WATR 90.5050 223.6423 0.94 Wetlands-Forested-->WETF 543.5344 1343.1006 5.63 Wetlands-Forested-->WETF 543.5344 1343.1006 5.63 Wetlands-Mixed-->WETL 1000.0179 2471.0943 10.35 Wetlands-Mixed-->WETL 1000.0179 2471.0943 10.35 Wetlands-Non-Forested-->WETN 31.5641 77.9966 0.33 Wetlands-Non-Forested-->WETN 31.5641 77.9966 0.33 Kentucky Bluegrass-->BLUG 195.8813 484.0326 2.03 Kentucky Bluegrass-->BLUG 195.8813 484.0326 2.03 Forest-Deciduous-->FRSD 2255.8207 5574.2458 23.35 Forest-Deciduous-->FRSD 2255.8207 5574.2458 23.35 Forest-Evergreen-->FRSE 430.7276 1064.3495 4.46 Forest-Evergreen-->FRSE 430.7276 1064.3495 4.46 Agricultural Land-Row Crops-->AGRR 1361.6308 3364.6579 14.09 Agricultural Land-Row Crops-->AGRR 1361.6308 3364.6579 14.09 Orchard-->ORCD 42.0854 103.9952 0.44 Orchard-->ORCD 42.0854 103.9952 0.44SOIL: MI047 1494.9441 3694.0817 15.47 MI047 1494.9441 3694.0817 15.47 MI091 1787.5716 4417.1788 18.50 MI091 1787.5716 4417.1788 18.50 MI036 83.1747 205.5288 0.86 MI036 83.1747 205.5288 0.86 MI045 6296.3496 15558.5947 65.17 MI045 6296.3496 15558.5947 65.17

18. Augusta Creek Simulations

19. Land Use Impact

20. Land Use / Soil Type Combinations Average Annual Runoff (mm) 862 mm of rainfall Soil Type CropSpinksParkhill Corn138486 Forest1341

21. Land Use / Soil Type Combinations Average Baseflow (mm) 862 mm of rainfall Soil Type CropSpinksParkhill Corn32042 Forest40466

22. Where to go from here? Have the ability to perform a water balance on every soil in the state. Have the ability to perform a water balance on every soil in the state. Available long-term daily weather data (100+ yrs) distributed across the climate regions of the state. Available long-term daily weather data (100+ yrs) distributed across the climate regions of the state. Need to finalize land use – management combinations Need to finalize land use – management combinations Begin mass simulations of combinations of soil / landuse / climate Begin mass simulations of combinations of soil / landuse / climate Quality control – result analysis Quality control – result analysis

23. Questions