Developed By Information Technology Services University Of Saskatchewan

Jan 05IT Services—U of S2 SPSS Introductory Course Topics Windows XP Review SPSS Version 13.0 Introduction SPSS Data Window SPSS Analysis SPSS Output Window SPSS Advanced Topics

Jan 05IT Services—U of S3 Windows XP Review Desktop –Taskbar Start Button Toolbars Mouse –Left Mouse Click –Right Mouse Click –Double Clicking –Dragging Start Windows Applications –Start Button –Desktop Icons

Jan 05IT Services—U of S4 Windows XP Desktop, Taskbar, Start Button, Icons The DESKTOP Start Button Taskbar Taskbar Program Buttons Desktop Icons

Jan 05IT Services—U of S5 Windows XP The Start Menu The DESKTOP Place the Mouse pointer on the START Button & single click to pop up the START MENU The START MENU

Jan 05IT Services—U of S6 Windows Applications Starting SPSS With The Start Menu Click on START Button to pop up the MAIN MENU Drag Pointer to “PROGRAMS” (sub- menu pops up) Move Pointer to sub-menu, then move to desired item & single- click. Application starts 2 1 3

Jan 05IT Services—U of S7 SPSS Version 13.0 Introduction Starting SPSS –Minimize, Maximize, Restore & Close SPSS Open File Save & Save As File General Application Interface SPSS Windows –Data Editor Window –Output Window –Syntax Window –Navigate the Windows

Jan 05IT Services—U of S8 Typical Application Interface (SPSS Window In Data View) Scroll Bar (horizontal) Minimize Restore Close Button Bar Status Bar Scroll Bar (vertical) Menu Bar & Menu Items Title Bar Button OPEN FILE Mouse Pointer With Its ‘Hint Bubble’ Showing

Jan 05IT Services—U of S9 To Access SPSS Version Number Move Pointer to About & Click 2 Dialog Box Pops Up This Dialog Box Pops Up. It Shows Version, Release Dates, Registration Information. Click on “OK” Button to Close or Other Buttons as Required 3 Click on Help 1

Jan 05IT Services—U of S10 SPSS Windows The DATA Window The DATA Window The SYNTAX Window The SYNTAX Window The OUTPUT Window Navigation Menu (to switch windows)

Jan 05IT Services—U of S11 SPSS Data Window Button Bar Menu Bar & Menu Items Open Data File Save File Print Dialog Recall Variables Find Goto Case Insert Variable Insert Case Select Cases Value Labels Data View Tab Variable View Tab In Data View Holding The Cursor On A Button Shows Its Function

Jan 05IT Services—U of S12 SPSS Data Window Data View Tab Variable View Tab In Variable View Variable Name Variable Type Variable Width & Decimals Depend on Type Variable Label Value Labels Missing Values

Jan 05IT Services—U of S13 SPSS Output Window Export Button Bars Menu Bar & Menu Items Return to Data Window Open Output File Print Preview Select Last Output Designate Output

Jan 05IT Services—U of S14 SPSS Syntax Window Button Bar Run Current Syntax Menu Bar & Menu Items Syntax Help Open Syntax File Undo/Redo Button

Jan 05IT Services—U of S15 Designating An Active Window This Window is Currently Active (Output Sent to This Window) Indicates Window is Currently Active Click This Button to Make This Window Active In Output & Syntax Windows

Jan 05IT Services—U of S16 The Data Editor Window Opening An Existing File Navigating The Data Editor Window –Data view tab –Variable view tab Modifying data Creating A New Data File –Create variables –Copy variables –Modify variables –Move variables Creating Variables Saving Data

Jan 05IT Services—U of S17 Data Editor: Open Existing File & Click on Open Double Click on the File You Wish to Open Click on Open File Button This Opens the Open File Dialog Box This Opens the Open File Dialog Box Menu Drops Down Click on File or

Jan 05IT Services—U of S18 Modifying Data—Cell Address & Data Bar Cell Address Bar: When Cell is Highlighted It Shows Row Number & Variable Name Cell Address Bar: When Cell is Highlighted It Shows Row Number & Variable Name Data Bar (shows value) Highlighted Cell To Change the Value in This Cell Type in New Value & Hit Return

Jan 05IT Services—U of S19 Data Editor Keyboard Navigation Access Under HELP Menu, Topics, KEYBOARD NAVIGATION

Jan 05IT Services—U of S20 Creating A New Data File Click on FILE & Drag Pointer to New Data & Click on DATA Menu Drops Down Submenu Pops Up

Jan 05IT Services—U of S21 Creating A Variable Click DATA New VARIABLE is Inserted And Then Click on INSERT VARIABLE In Data View Click INSERT VARIABLE Button 2 or 1 Data View Tab Selected

Jan 05IT Services—U of S22 Creating A Variable Click DATA New VARIABLE is Inserted And Then Click on INSERT VARIABLE In Variable View 1 Click INSERT VARIABLE Button or 2 Variable View Tab Selected

Jan 05IT Services—U of S23 Variable Names & Types Click on the Variable View Tab VARIABLE TYPE Dialog Box Pops Up, Select Type Desired, And Other Parameters such as Width, or Decimals To Change from the Default Variable Name--Directly type in Your Own Variable Name: (Hint- A Short Description of Variable) 1 2 To Change Variable Types Click on the Ellipsis (…) to Pop Up the Variable Type Dialogue Box 3

Jan 05IT Services—U of S24 Parameter Dialog Boxes for Different Variable Types Numeric, Comma, Dot & Scientific Date Dollar String Custom Currency Settings Area Settings Area

Jan 05IT Services—U of S25 Variable Labels & Value Labels Change or Add Variable Labels (Full Description of Variable) by Typing Directly in the Cell Change or Add Variable Labels (Full Description of Variable) by Typing Directly in the Cell Type in Value Label the Value Represents & Click OK To Add or Change Value Labels Click on the Ellipsis (…) Type in the Values the Variable Represents Select Variable View Tab 5 1 Value Labels Dialog Box Pops Up

Jan 05IT Services—U of S26 Entering Missing Values Select Variable View Tab 1 To Add or Change Missing Values Click on the Ellipsis 2 Click on Required Radio Button, Enter the Missing Value & Click OK 3

Jan 05IT Services—U of S27 Copy & Paste A Variable Place Pointer in Variable Cell & Right Click 1 Click on Copy 2 Place Pointer on Empty Variable Cell & Right Click 3 Dialog Box Pops Up Click on Paste Dialog Box Pops Up 4 Copied Data Pasted In In Data View

Jan 05IT Services—U of S28 Copy & Paste A Variable Place Pointer in Variable Cell & Right Click 1 Click on Copy 2 Place Pointer on Empty Variable Cell & Right Click 3 Click on Paste 4 Copied Data Pasted In In Variable View Dialog Box Pops Up NOTE: Unlike Data View, In Variable View, DATA Values Themselves Are NOT Copied

Jan 05IT Services—U of S29 Sample Data Entry Setup Variables Information Dialog Box Variables Created Using Insert Variable Button To See Variables Information Dialog Box Click Variables Button Select Variable View Tab (See Previous Slides) to Set Variable Parameters

Jan 05IT Services—U of S30 Enter Sample Data

Jan 05IT Services—U of S31 Modifying A Variable Change Variable Name, Type, Width, Etc. as Required and Save the File 2 Select Variable View Tab or Double Click in Any Variable Cell Header 1

Jan 05IT Services—U of S32 Inserting A Variable Click on DATA (menu drops down) Click on INSERT VARIABLE or Click on INSERT VARIABLE button Variable is Inserted Double click in Empty Header Cell & Enter Variable Information or

Jan 05IT Services—U of S33 Saving The Sample Data File Click Save File Button: If File has NOT Been Saved Then... 1 Save Data Dialog Pops Up Type a Filename in this Box 3 Use This Drop Down List To Save the File As Other File Types (e.g., Export to Excel) 4 Click the Save Button 5 Select a Location to Save the File 2 This File Will Be Used For Analysis Practice

Jan 05IT Services—U of S34 Selecting Variables To Save Click Save File Button: If File has NOT Been Saved Then... 1 Type a Filename in this Box 3 Select Variables To Save 4 Select a Location to Save the File 2 Click Continue Then Save 5

Jan 05IT Services—U of S35 Moving A Variable 1.In Either Data Or Variable View—Single-Click To Select The Variable To Move 2.Single-Click Again & Hold On The Variable —The Cursor Will Change Colour/Shape (A Small Gray Box On The Tail) 3.Continue Holding & Drag & Drop At The New Location Line Turns Red To Indicate Insertion Point Cursor Shape While Moving

Jan 05IT Services—U of S36 Open Sample File Click Open File Button Open File Dialog Pops Up 1 Click Open & EXAMPLE1.SAV Data Is Inserted Into Data Editor 2

Jan 05IT Services—U of S37 SPSS Analysis Open Sample Data File Analysis 1 –Categorical Variables –Frequencies Analysis 2 –Continuous Variables –Descriptives –Correlations Analysis 3 –Graph Menu & Graph Categorical Variables –Scatter plot

Jan 05IT Services—U of S38 SPSS Analysis 1. Frequencies Click Analyze Analyze Menu Drops Down 1 Pointer on Descriptive Statistics & Select & Click Frequencies 2 Frequencies Dialog Box Pops Up Highlight Variable(s) to Analyze Click Button (inserts variable(s) into list) 4 3 Click OK 5

Jan 05IT Services—U of S39 SPSS Analysis 2. Descriptives Click Analyze Analyze Menu Drops Down 1 Pointer on Descriptive Statistics & Select & Click Descriptives 2 Descriptives Dialog Box Pops Up Highlight Variable(s) to Analyze Click Button (inserts variable(s) into list) 4 3 Click OK 5

Jan 05IT Services—U of S40 SPSS Analysis 2. Correlations Click Analyze Analyze Menu Drops Down 1 Pointer on Correlate & Click Bivariate 2 Bivariate Corrleations Dialog Box Pops Up Highlight Variable(s) to Analyze Click Button (inserts variable(s) into list). You may also just double click the variable 4 3 Click OK 5

Jan 05IT Services—U of S41 SPSS Analysis 3. Bar Graph 2 Pointer on Bar & Click Click Graphs 1 Bar Chart Dialog Box Pops Up Select Type & Click on Define Select Type & Click on Define 3 Select Variables From List & Click on Button 4 Click OK 5 Graphs Menu Drops Down Define Simple Bar Dialog Box Pops Up

Jan 05IT Services—U of S42 SPSS Analysis 3. Scatterplot Bar Chart Dialog Box Pops Up Click Graphs 1 Pointer on Scatter & Click 2 Define Simple Bar Dialog Box Pops Up Select Type & Click on Define Select Type & Click on Define 3 Select Variables From List & Click on Buttons 4 Click OK 6 Select Titles & Options As Required 5 Graphs Menu Drops Down

Jan 05IT Services—U of S43 SPSS Output Window Expanding Output Items Selecting Output Items –Shift Key Continuous Selection –CTRL Key Specific Selection Print Preview Save Output Open Output

Jan 05IT Services—U of S44 Expanding Output Sections Minus Sign Indicates No Hidden Items Plus Sign Indicates Hidden Items Double Click Icon To Expand Section Section Expanded to Show Item Item Icon Open: Icon Shows ‘Open Book’ Shows Output Item Icon Open: Icon Shows ‘Open Book’ Shows Output

Jan 05IT Services—U of S45 Selecting Output Items Click on Heading Icon to Select All Items Within that Section Shift-Click Selects Multiple Continuous Items Control-Click Selects Multiple Specific Items Items May Be Moved by ‘Dragging & Dropping’

Jan 05IT Services—U of S46 Print Preview, Save & Open Output Print Preview Button Save File Button Open File Button Filename & Save File Location Click Filename & Open Save As Dialog Box Pops Up Open File Dialog Box Pops Up

Jan 05IT Services—U of S47 SPSS Advanced Topics Syntax Editor Computing New Variables Subsetting Data Setting Options Editing Output Pasting Output to a Word Processor Advanced Graphics SPSS System File Commands Import/Export Data Production Facility Advanced Statistics Discussion –Crosstabs –ANOVA –Regression

Jan 05IT Services—U of S48 Pasting Into The Syntax Editor Use Previous Procedure To Open Dialog Box for Desired Statistic (Example: Frequencies) 1 Click Paste Button to Paste Commands into Syntax Editor 2

Jan 05IT Services—U of S49 Run & Save SPSS Syntax (Code) In Syntax Editor Type SPSS Code Into Window or (Use Pasted Code) 1 Click on the Run Button and Use the Pointer to Select Areas of the Code You Wish to Run 2 To Save The Code: Click the Save Button to Pop Up The Save As Window 3 Type in The Filename & Click Save

Jan 05IT Services—U of S50 Change Syntax & Variables List Dialog Click Variables Button Variables Dialog Box Pops Up New Code May Be Typed or Pasted Into Window & Click Paste Pastes Variables in Window 2 Select Variables 4 3 Right Click To Pop Up Menu to Cut, Copy, Delete, & Run Highlighted Code 1

Jan 05IT Services—U of S51 Computing New Variables Click TRANSFORM & Highlight & Click COMPUTE COMPUTE VARIABLE Dialog Box Pops Up 1 Computed Variable Is Inserted Into Data Set Select & Double Click Variable(s) to Compute Type in New Variable Click To Add Label & Type Use Buttons To Fill In Expression & Add Functions 2 3 Click OK to Compute, Or PASTE To Paste To Syntax Window 5 4

Jan 05IT Services—U of S52 Copy Data Properties Click Data & Highlight & Click COPY DATA PROPERTIES COPY DATA PROPERTIES VARIABLE Dialog Box Pops Up 1 Step 2 Dialog Box Pops Up Select Source Variable(s) Select Working or External File Select Target Variables Then NEXT 23 Select Properties To Copy & Then Click Finish 54 Step 4 Dialog Box Pops Up

Jan 05IT Services—U of S53 Running Compute Code From Syntax Click PASTE To Paste Code Into Syntax Window Highlight Syntax & Click RUN & SELECTION Code is Pasted into Syntax Window Computed Variable is Inserted into Data Set 2 1

Jan 05IT Services—U of S54 Recoding Variables Click TRANSFORM & Highlight & Click RECODE RECODE Dialog Box Pops Up Click To Add Label & Type 1 Select SAME VARIABLE or DIFFERENT VARIABLE 2 Type in NEW Value Type in Old Value 6 Select & Double Click Variable(s) to Recode 3 Type in New Variable & Label 4 OLD & NEW VALUES Dialog Box Pops Up Click OLD and NEW VALUES 5 7 Click Add 8 9 Save the File as Example3.sav

Jan 05IT Services—U of S55 Recoding By Syntax Click PASTE To Paste Code Into Syntax Window After OLD and NEW Values are Entered Click Continue Code is Pasted into Syntax Window Recoded Variable is Inserted into Data Set 2 3 Use Previous Method for Recoding New Variable to different values 1 Highlight Syntax & Click RUN & SELECTION 4 Hint: To Recall Your Recode Procedures, Consider Saving Syntax Files

Jan 05IT Services—U of S56 Subsetting Data: Select If... Click DATA & Highlight & Click SELECT CASES SELECT CASES Dialog Box Pops Up Click ‘If Condition is Satisfied’ Button & Click If... Highlight Variable & Click & Use Buttons to Add Expressions Click Continue SELECT CASES: IF Dialog Box Pops Up

Jan 05IT Services—U of S57 Subsetting Data: Use Sets... Click Utilities & Highlight & Click DEFINE SETS DEFINE VARIABLE SETS Box Pops Up Select Variables & Click To Include In New (Sub)Set 1 2 USE SETS Dialog Box Pops Up Type In New Set Name & Click ADD SET, Then CLOSE 3 Select Required Set & De-select Others 5 Variable Source Lists Include Only The Variables Selected In The Use Set(s). Easier To Select Variables & Enhances Performance From Utilities Menu Click USE SETS 4

Jan 05IT Services—U of S58 Temporary Select If & Filtering To Temporarily Filter Cases Click Use Filter Variable Button to Filter Cases SELECT IF Creates Filter Variable ‘Filter Activated’ Indicated By Diagonal Line Click All Cases Button to Shut Off Filter

Jan 05IT Services—U of S59 Setting SPSS Options OPTIONS Dialog Pops Up Click EDIT & OPTIONS Select Tab As Required For Specific Settings

Jan 05IT Services—U of S60 Editing Text Output Text Editing Menu Double Click Text Area to Edit Text Commands Available From The Insert Menu

Jan 05IT Services—U of S61 Editing Tables Output Table Editing Menu Double Clicking In A Table To Edit Output. Also, Right Click On Table To Open Editing Window For Printing Control– Only Table Selected Prints Out Commands For Editing Tables Styles & Layout

Jan 05IT Services—U of S62 Advanced Graphics: Chart Editor Single Click Chart Object (e.g. Bar) Then Select PROPERTIES From The EDIT Menu Chart Editor Pops Up 2 Double Click INSIDE A Graph Area To Open Chart Editor 1 Select Desired Properties Tabs To Configure Chart 3 Properties Dialogue Box Pops Up

Jan 05IT Services—U of S63 Advanced Graphics: 3D Chart In Chart Editor Select DEPTH & ANGLE Tab Click 3-D Radio Button 1 2 Sliders Control Bar Depth & Angles 3 Click To Apply Desired Changes 4

Jan 05IT Services—U of S64 SPSS File Commands: Add Cases ADD CASES: READ FILE Pops Up. Cases From This File Will Be Added To the Open (Working) File Click DATA & MERGE FILE & ADD CASES 1 Click Open 2 ADD CASES: FROM Dialog Box Pops Up. Select Other Variables Manually. Unpaired Variables Will Insert MISSING VALUES Matched Files Are Automatically Paired 3 Click OK &/or Paste 4

Jan 05IT Services—U of S65 SPSS File Commands: Add Variables Click DATA & MERGE FILES& ADD VARIABLES ADD VARIABLES: READ FILE Pops Up. Variables From This File Will Be Added To the Open (Working) File Click Open 2 1 ADD VARIABLES: FROM Dialog Box Pops Up. Select Variables to Include Or To Exclude Select a Key Variable To Match Cases & Click OK or Paste 3 4

Jan 05IT Services—U of S66 Importing Data Open File Database Capture Wizard Read Text Data Wizard

Jan 05IT Services—U of S67 Exporting Data Click File & Save as... SAVE DATA AS Dialog Pops Up Select File Type & Type In Name & Click Save

Jan 05IT Services—U of S68 SPSS Production Facility The Production Facility provides the ability to run the program in an automated fashion. The program runs unattended and terminates after executing the last command, so you can perform other tasks while it runs. Production mode is useful if you often run the same set of time- consuming analyses, such as weekly reports. The Production Facility uses command syntax files to tell the program what to do. A command syntax file is a simple text file containing command syntax. You can use any text editor to create the file. You can also generate command syntax by pasting dialog box selections into a syntax window or by editing the journal file. After you create syntax files and include them in a production job, you can view and edit them from the Production Facility. For More Information Start the SPSS Production Facility From the Desktop Start Button and Look Under HELP

Jan 05IT Services—U of S69 Advanced Statistics 1: Crosstabs 2 Select Variables for Row & Columns & Click OK For Bar Charts Settings Boxes CROSSTABS Dialog Box 3 CROSSTABS Outputs 4 Open An Example Data File 1 Select ANALYZE & DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS & CROSSTABS

Jan 05IT Services—U of S70 Advanced Statistics 2: ANOVA Open An Example Data File 1 Select ANALYZE & COMPARE MEANS & ONE-WAY ANOVA 2 Select Dependent Variable & Factor & Click OK Settings Boxes ONE-WAY ANOVA Dialog Box 3 ONE-WAY ANOVA Output 4

Jan 05IT Services—U of S71 Advanced Statistics 1: Regression Open An Example Data File 1 Select ANALYZE & REGRESSION & LINEAR 2 LINEAR REGRESSION Dialog Box LINEAR REGRESSION Outputs 4 Select Dependent Variable & Factor & Click OK Settings Boxes 3

Jan 05IT Services—U of S72 For More Information The SPSS Application Contains an Extensive Help System Including Tutorials, Syntax Guide, Statistics Coach & Other Facilities Contact SPSS on the Internet at This Course Outline Is Available From U of S Information Technology Services Help Desk in Arts 70 For information on other workshops available, please see our web site at courses and click on the Statistical Software link