AP World Mr. Colden Fall 2014

500 BCE saw the emergence of significant cultural traditions 500 BCE saw the emergence of significant cultural traditions Why did all these traditions emerge at the same time? Why did all these traditions emerge at the same time? Social Changes: Social Changes: Iron Age Iron Age Growing Cities / Commerce Growing Cities / Commerce New states and Empires New states and Empires New contact between civilizations New contact between civilizations

Recap Recap Chinese history in state-building Chinese history in state-building Effect of era of “warring states” Effect of era of “warring states” Legalist (still recapping) Legalist (still recapping) Han Feizi Han Feizi Principal Principal Pessimistic view of human nature Pessimistic view of human nature Promotion of Farmers Promotion of Farmers Qin Qin

Confucius (551 – 479 BCE) Confucius (551 – 479 BCE) Principle: the moral example of superiors is the answer to disorder Principle: the moral example of superiors is the answer to disorder Education Education Role of the Family Role of the Family Importance of History Importance of History

Laozi (sixth century B.C.E.) Laozi (sixth century B.C.E.) Daoism = Opposite of Confucianism Daoism = Opposite of Confucianism Central concept: Central concept: Daoism entered popular religion Daoism entered popular religion

“Hinduism” is a term coined by outsiders “Hinduism” is a term coined by outsiders Never a single tradition Never a single tradition Hinduism Hinduism No founder: developed along with Indian Civ. No founder: developed along with Indian Civ. South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation the Vedas the Vedas

Upanishads developed in response to dissatisfaction with Brahmins Upanishads developed in response to dissatisfaction with Brahmins 800 – 400 BCE 800 – 400 BCE Central idea: Brahman (the World Soul) as ultimate reality Central idea: Brahman (the World Soul) as ultimate reality

Developed side by side with philosophical Hinduism Developed side by side with philosophical Hinduism Siddhartha Gautama (566 – 486 CBE) Siddhartha Gautama (566 – 486 CBE) The Enlightened one The Enlightened one Central Buddhist teaching: life is suffering Central Buddhist teaching: life is suffering Large elements of Hinduism are present in Buddhist teaching Large elements of Hinduism are present in Buddhist teaching Much of Buddhism challenged Hinduism Much of Buddhism challenged Hinduism

Large elements of Hinduism are present in Buddhist teaching Large elements of Hinduism are present in Buddhist teaching Much of Buddhism challenged Hinduism Much of Buddhism challenged Hinduism Appealed especially to lower castes and women in India Appealed especially to lower castes and women in India The Split within Buddhism The Split within Buddhism